Production of carrier-free fluorine-18

Thomas, C.C.; Sondel, J.A.; Kerns, R.C.

doi:10.1016/0020-708x(65)90150-x

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The cells were resuspended in fresh medium at a cellular concentration of 4 x 10" cells/ml for an equilibration period of 1 hr before measuring fluoride distribution. A mixture of carrier-free ISF prepared by neutron activation (13) and NaF in a total volume of 3 ml was added to 200 ml of cell suspension in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and the cells were incubated for 1 or 2 hr at 37" on a rotatory shaker. The cell suspensions were then centriiuged a t 5OOg for 1-2 min; and the cell pellets were resuspended in 10 ml of supernatant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intracellular Fluoride in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Drescher

Suttie

1972

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Most investigations of the sensitivity of cultured mammalian cells to fluoride have been concerncd with a determination of the levels of fluoride which inhibit growth. While some studies (1, 2 ) have suggested that the growth of mammalian cells can be inhibited by from 0.045 to 2 ppm F, most reports (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) have indicated that a minimum of 5-15 ppm F (0.3-0.8 mM) is required to decrease the rate of cell division or accumulation of cell protein. At higher levels of fluoride, there appears to be a sigmoidal dose-response relationship with slight inhibition a t 10 to 20 ppm and compkte inhibition of growth a t 40 to 50 ppm (6, 7 ) . Although i t has been observed that cellular ATP levels are decreased (9), and glucose uptake per milligram of cellular protein is increased (8,9) in fluoride-treated cells, the mechanism by which fluoride inhibits growth is not understood. To further characterize the toxicity of fluoride in mammalian cell cultures, the distribution of fluoride between cells and medium was determined. A comparison of intracellular fluoride concentrations with the concentrations of fluoride reported (10) to inhibit various enzymes in vitro may allow a prediction as LO enzyme inhibitions of physiological significance.Methods. Suspension cultures of HeLa CCL 2 cells and L cells (mouse fibroblasts) with generation times of 36 and 19 hr, respectively, were utilized for these experiments. The L cells were grown in medium B of Medappa et al. (1 1) and the HeLa cells were grown in the medium described by Carlson and Suttie (9) modified by the substitution of a Ca-Mg-free salt mixture (12) and the addition of 0.1 % Pluronic F-68 detergent. The cells were resuspended in fresh medium at a cellular concentration of 4 x 10" cells/ml for an equilibration period of 1 hr before measuring fluoride distribution. A mixture of carrier-free ISF prepared by neutron activation (13) and NaF in a total volume of 3 ml was added to 200 ml of cell suspension in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and the cells were incubated for 1 or 2 hr at 37" on a rotatory shaker. The cell suspensions were then centriiuged a t 5OOg for 1-2 min; and the cell pellets were resuspended in 10 ml of supernatant. After the addition of 10 pCi of 14C-inulin, 2.5 ml aliquots of cell suspension were injected into specially designed glass centrifuge tubes (14) having a reservoir of 2.5 ml capacity connected with a capillary 6 CM long and 1 mm in diameter and centrifuged at 2000g for 20 min a t 4 ' . The cell pellets and supernatant medium recovered from centrifugation were analyzed for lSF and 14C-inulin according to standard procedures. Since inulin cannot penetrate mammalian cells, the I4C in the cell pellets was used to calculate the amount of entrapped medium. Intracellular fluoride concentrations were calculated from the amounts of 18F in cell pellets and entrapped medium, the specific activity of lXF in the medium, and the amount of intracellular water in pellets. Intracellular water values were calculated from the wet and dry weights of cell pelle...

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confidence: 99%

Intracellular Fluoride in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Drescher

Suttie

1972

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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“…Activity of tritium in purified product was seen to be as low as 0.21 mCi. 32 As well, acid digestion of Li 18 F product to remove tritium releases H 18 F, and is followed by neutralization to form Cs 18 F. The produced Cs 18 F can be used to further synthesize a wide variety of labelled fluorides. 8 CsF was treated with Lewis acid 18 F-labelled fluorides (AsF 5 , BF 3 , and SF 4 ); it was found that the order of reactivity of Lewis acids with CsF was AsF 5 >> BF 3 > SF 4 , which corresponds to the order of fluoride-ion affinities of these inorganic compounds.…”

Section: Alkali Metal Fluorides and Isotopic Exchange Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine-18: an untapped resource in inorganic chemistry

et al. 2018

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Advances in the field of fluorine chemistry have been applied extensively to the syntheses of 18F-labelled organic compounds and radiopharmaceuticals. However, 18F has sparely been used as a tool to explore inorganic chemistry and can be viewed as a research area worthy of further development. This review highlights the application of 18F in development of inorganic fluorinating agents, mechanistic studies and imaging tools.

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“…Radiopharmaceutical processing of 18 F includes primarily a fast chemical and physical separation of 3 H and Li, and evaluation of the suitability of the agent for the administration to the patient. The previous methods took 1-2 hours (5,13). The present method is similar to the previous methods, but has been simplified so that the whole processing can be done in about 15 minutes.…”

Section: Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorine-18 can be produced in carrier-free form along with a large amount of tritium in the reactor using enriched lithium carbonate (5,13). The first reaction involves 6 Li (n,a) 3 H which has a relatively high thermal neutron capture cross section of 953 barns, then a fraction of tritium reacts with the oxygen of the carbonate as 16 0 (t, n) 18 F (reaction cross section 0.5 barns).…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present 18 F is regarded as the best available choice (8). Fluorine-18 used in bone scanning (2,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) has been produced either in cyclotrons (3,14), or reactors with flux greater than 10 13 n/cm 2 • sec (1,5,13). Fluorine-18 decays (97% ß + and 3 % EC) to stable 18 0 with a half-life of 109.7 minutes and a yield of 194°/o of 511 keV photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production, Processing and Application of Research Reactor Produced Fluorine-18 Radiopharmaceutical

Dunson¹,

Crofford²,

Hosain³

et al. 1971

Nuklearmedizin

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SummaryFluorine-18 was produced in a low power research reactor from enriched lithium-6 carbonate. The radiopharmaceutical quality 18F was produced within fifteen minutes by separating it from tritium and lithium. Evaluation of radiochemical purity and biological assay showed the product could be administered orally or parenterally. Oral administration to fasting patients resulted in high quality bone scans.

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Production of carrier-free fluorine-18

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Intracellular Fluoride in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Intracellular Fluoride in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Fluorine-18: an untapped resource in inorganic chemistry

Production, Processing and Application of Research Reactor Produced Fluorine-18 Radiopharmaceutical

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