Production of Chemicals from Biomass

Koutinas, Apostolis; Du, Chenyu; Wang, R. H.; Webb, Colin

doi:10.1002/9780470697474.ch4

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Fermentation of glucose and applied in food production, chemical industry and pharmaceutics [45,46]. 3 Surfactants is an important product used in detergents, cosmetics and manufacturing processes, and are still primarily derived from petroleum [47].…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 A lactic acid derivative, produced from alcohols and fatty acids through fermentation of carbohydrates. It can be used in pharmaceuticals, paints and ink manufacturing [45,46]. Rapeseed and sunflower oils are major sources of fatty acids.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 shows typical examples of potential biobased feedstocks for biorefining and the alternative fossil fuel-based products available in the current market. For example, succinic acid is a fermentable product derived from glucose and is used in food, chemical and pharmaceutical productions [45,46]. Likewise, a biochemical such as lactic acid and amino acids are also alternatives to the current raw materials used in food industries.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Parajuli

Dalgaard

Jørgensen

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

227

121

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Abstract:The aim of the current paper is to discuss the sustainability aspect of biorefinery systems with focus on: biomass supply chains, processing of biomass feedstocks in biorefinery platforms and sustainability assessment methodologies. From the stand point of sustainability, it is important to optimize the agricultural production system and minimize the related environmental impacts at the farming system level. These impacts are primarily related to agri-chemical inputs and the related undesired environmental emissions and to the repercussions from biomass production. At the same time, the biorefineries needs a year-round supply of biomass and about 40-60% of the total operating cost of a typical biorefinery is related to the feedstocks chosen, and thus highlights on the careful prioritization of feedstocks mainly based on their economic and environmental loadings. Regarding the processing in biorefinery platforms, chemical composition of biomasses is important. Biomasses with higher concentrations of cellulose and hemicelluloses compared to lignin are preferred for bioethanol production in the lignocellulosic biorefinery, since the biodegradability of cellulose is higher than lignin. A green biorefinery platform enables the extraction of protein from grasses, producing an important alternative to importing protein sources for food products and animal feed, while also allowing processing of residues to deliver bioethanol. Currently, there are several approaches to integrate biorefinery platforms, which are aimed to enhance their economic and environmental sustainability. Regarding sustainability assessment, the complexities related to the material flows in a biorefinery and the delivery of alternative biobased products means dealing with multiple indicators in the decision-making process to enable comparisons of alternatives. Life Cycle Assessment is regarded as one of the most relevant tools to assess the environmental hotspots in the biomass supply chains, at processing stages and also to support in the prioritization of any specific biobased products and the alternatives delivered from biorefineries.Keywords: biorefinery, biomass feedstock, sustainability, biobased product, environmental performances, economic performances, Life Cycle Assessment 2 IntroductionThe societal need of energy and materials is predicted to reach a crisis point in the near future [1]. This is because of the coupling between escalating demand and cost of fossil fuels upon which the production of chemicals, materials and energy conversions still depend. The high energy intensity in material production has sustainability impacts on the energy sector, environment and economy [2]. Currently fossil fuels contribute about 80% of the global energy demand, and even if the current political commitments and strategies to tackle the issues of climate change and energy insecurity, as envisioned by different countries are in place, the global energy demand in 2035 is still projected to rise by 40% with fossil fuels contributing 75% [3]. The ...

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Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Parajuli

Dalgaard

Jørgensen

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

227

121

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“…LCM-derived hydrolysates can be fermented with different microorganisms, the aim being at the production of ethanol or other platform chemicals, such as small-size organic acids (Ragauskas et al 2006;Koutinas et al 2008;Sánchez and Cardona 2008;Hörhammer et al 2011;Boucher et al 2014). For fermentation purposes, biomass is converted into sugar solutions, and these substrates are then fermented by case-specific microorganisms to overproduce metabolic products.…”

Section: Fermentation Of Lcm Hydrolysatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Alkaline Pulping - A Review of Pretreatment Alternatives, Chemical Aspects of the Resulting Liquors, and Pulping Outcomes

Lehto

Alén

2015

BioResources

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The chemical industry is being forced to evaluate new strategies for more effective utilization of renewable feedstocks to diminish the use of fossil resources. In this literature review, the integration of both acidic and alkaline pretreatment phases of hardwood and softwood chips with chemical pulping is discussed. Depending on the pretreatment conditions, high-volume sulfur-free fractions with varying chemical compositions can be produced. In case of acidic pretreatments, the major products include carbohydrates (mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides), whereas under alkaline (i.e., aqueous NaOH) pretreatment conditions, the sulfur-free fractions of aliphatic carboxylic acids, lignin, and extractives are primarily obtained. All these fractions are potentially interesting groups of compounds and can be used in a number of applications. Finally, the effects of pretreatments on pulping are also considered. Although it is believed that there are important advantages to be gained by integrating this type of renewable raw material-based production, in particular, with kraft pulping, sulfur-free pulping methods such as soda-AQ and oxygen/alkali delignification processes are also briefly discussed.

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“…Today, European nations are using biomass from forestry and agricultural residues and municipal waste to produce heat and biopower, a field in which Finland is the leader (with 26 per cent of its primary energy coming from wood and peat). Competition between chemicals manufactured from biomass and fossil-based raw materials occurs at several levels, and current economically significant processes lead to the production of energy and chemicals from renewable resources [9,15]. The chemical industry has begun exploring biobased or renewable feedstocks for producing chemicals, but this transition to renewable feedstocks is impossible without the development of the appropriate technology and infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Process Alternatives for Biomass Refining: A Review

Gullón¹,

Conde²,

Moure³

et al. 2010

TOASJ

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Abstract:The role of biorefineries in the production of energy and chemicals from biomass of lignocellulosic nature is reviewed. Special attention is devoted to biorefinery schemes dealing with the fractionation of lignocellulosic raw materials by chemical treatments. The potential of hydrothermal treatments as the first stage of future biorefineries is discussed. Special attention is devoted to the low-volume, high-added value products that can be solubilized by this type of technology.

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Production of Chemicals from Biomass

Cited by 34 publications

References 85 publications

Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Alkaline Pulping - A Review of Pretreatment Alternatives, Chemical Aspects of the Resulting Liquors, and Pulping Outcomes

Selected Process Alternatives for Biomass Refining: A Review

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