Production of chitin and bioactive materials from Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shell waste by the treatment of bacterial protease cocktail

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to obtain chitin in pure form from a new crustacean waste material for industrial applications. Black tiger shrimp shell wastes are a rich source of protein and valuable bioactive carbohydrate polymers such as chitin. After removal of carotenoid, Black tiger shrimp shell wastes (BTSHWs) were treated with chemicals and protease enzyme to extract chitin. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize the deproteinization process to obtain chitin. At optimal pH (8.82), temperature (50.05 °C), agitation speed (100.98 rpm), enzyme substrate ratio of 1:8 (wv−1) and 72 h of incubation with Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2 crude protease cocktail, 80 % deproteinization was found along with 77.28 % recovery of chitin. The valuable oligopeptides were determined by MALDI-TOF analysis and analysis of adequate amount of free amino acids in protein hydrolysate from BTSHW, indicating a high nutritional value used for food, feed or as a nitrogen source in growth medium for microorganisms. The chitin obtained was compared with the commercial chitin using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and 13C CP/MAS-NMR. Chitin obtained from crude protease treatment showed comparable physicochemical and structural properties to those of the commercial chitin. The carotenoid obtained after treatment can be used for medicinal purpose.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0245-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings for Food, Paints, and Water Treatment Applications

“…Recently, Zhuang et al investigated the effect of deacetylation degree on mechanical and barrier properties of chitosan films with three different DD values, 81.0%, 88.1% and 95.2%, wherein CH films with higher DD values (88.1% and 95.2%) were found to have better water barrier property and tensile strength compared to films obtained with a chitosan value of 81.0% DD [37]. It has been reported that the antimicrobial efficiency also improves with the increase in the degree of deacetylation of chitosan that is generally attributed to the increase in the number of positive charges from the amine groups [39].…”

“…DD indicates the amount of amino groups in chitosan polymer, which will affect the properties of chitosan, such as charge, density, solubility, crystallinity, degradation behaviour, mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties [37][38][39]. An increased percentage of amino groups in chitosan polymer makes it soluble in weak acids, a characteristic difference from chitin.…”

Chitin production from crustacean biomass: Sustainability assessment of chemical and enzymatic processes

“…For all these reasons, other technologies for the deproteinization step of chitin production, like microbial treatment (by lactic acid and miscellaneous fermentation) and enzymatic processes using crude extracts and/or isolated enzymes, have been proposed (Healy et al, 1994;Gildberg and Stenberg, 2001; Rao and Stevens, 2005;Duan et al, 2012;Hajji et al, 2014;Paul et al, 2015). The use of enzymes for deproteinization of crustacean shells, avoiding the necessity of strong alkaline treatments during this stage, has been considered since they are specific, fast in action and, most of times, reduce the use of energy, chemicals and/or water, when compared with conventional processes (Jegannathan and Nielsen, 2013).…”

Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products

“…To confirm the existence of an acetyl group or rather, a lack thereof, at the reducing and non-reducing sugar ends, as well as neighbouring variants, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is employed. Studies have made use of both 1 H NMR [92,133] and 13 C NMR [7,175] to obtain sequence information of short COS of up to DP 5. Since the acquired information is merely limited to the average frequency of diads and triads, no definitive structure for COS mixtures can be obtained.…”