“…For HER measurements, reactions such as D(d, n) 3 He [11][12][13][14], T(p, n) 3 He [15,16], T(d, n) 4 He [11], 7 Li(p, n) [17,18], and even 18 O(p, n) [3] can be used. The Associated Particle (AP) technique [19] is often used to quantify the neutron flux for in-beam measurements, where the detection of the charged-particle product of the neutronproduction reaction acts as a trigger to record the signal from any reactions that occur. The fluence, Φ, which is the time-integrated flux of the irradiation, can also be determined by this method for offline measurements [20].…”