Production of cows milked 3 times each 2 days

Eldridge, Graeme A.; Clark, Jennifer

doi:10.1017/s0022029900016733

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The very low effects of an omission rate of one milking/2 days in multiparous cows in early lactation are consistent with the data of Eldridge and Clark ( 1978), which showed an effect of milking omission that is all the more lower as it is implemented sooner in the lactation. High levels of growth hormone (GH) secretion during this period (Bines and Hart, 1982) could maintain high levels of milk secretion despite the lengthening milking interval.…”

Section: Performancesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In analytical studies of short duration where the effects of previous milking intervals and residual milk were eliminated, physiologists have shown that milk secretion rate decreases curvilinearly with the duration of the milking interval (Wheelock et at, 1966) or is virtually constant over the first 16 h h after milking (cf Elliott, 1959;Labussi6re and Richard, 1965), which would correspond to about 13 h under conventional milking conditions (Elliott et al, 1960). Loss in milk yield resulting from milking omissions depends on the characteristics of these omissions: frequency (from 35% and 50% for I omission/day (Claesson et al, 1959;Holmes et al, 1992) to only slightly for I omission/week (Labussière et Coindet, 1968;Radcliffe et al, 1973)), stage of lactation at which omissions are imposed (Eldridge and Clark, 1978), and duration of implementation (Claesson et al, 1959). Milk loss also depends on the cows' characteristics (rank of lactation (Woolford et al, 1985), ), breed (Carruthers et al, 1993), anatomy of the udder ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of milking three times in 2 days for 3 weeks in early lactation or in the declining phase on milk production in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Rémond¹,

Boit²

1997

Ann. Zootech.

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Summary — Fifty-two Holstein cows (26 primiparous) were assigned at calving to two milking frequencies: either twice daily (6 h and 17 h; control) or three times/2 days (6 h, 20 h and 14 h of the following day) during the first 3 weeks of lactation and then twice daily for at least 5 weeks. Nine weeks after the last calving (at the end of the 3rd month of lactation, on average) each of the four groups (primiparous or multiparous cows x twice daily milking/day or three times milking/2 days in early lactation) that were being milked twice daily, was divided into two sub-groups: one continued to be milked twice daily whereas the other was milked three times/2 days for 3 weeks and then twice daily. All cows were fed ad libitum the same complete diet based on grass silage. In early lactation, milking three times/2 days decreased the milk yield (3.4 kg/day; 16%), increased the fat (5.0 g/kg) and protein (2.2 g/kg) contents and decreased the lactose content (1.5 g/kg) in primiparous cows. In multiparous cows, the milk changes (-0.7 kg, + 0.9 g fat/kg, + 0.6 g proteins/kg) were not significant. The energy balance was not changed. During the declining phase of lactation, milking three times/2 days reduced secretion of milk, fat, proteins and lactose by about 10% in both categories of cows. The milk composition remained unchanged. Food intake was not affected but the energy balance was improved. dairy cow / milk production / milking frequency / stage of lactation / lactation rank Résumé — Effet de la traite 3 fois en 2 j pendant les 3 premières semaines de la lactation ou pendant la phase descendante, sur la production laitière de vaches primipares ou multipares. (vaches primipares ou multipares x traite deux fois/jour ou trois fois/2 j en début de lactation), qui était alors trait deux fois/jour, a été subdivisé en deux sous-lots : l'un a continué à être trait deux fois/jour alors que l'autre a été trait trois fois/2 j pendant 3 semaines, puis de nouveau deux fois par jour. Tous les animaux ont été alimentés à volonté avec la même ration complète à base d'ensilage d'herbe. La traite trois fois/2 j en début de lactation a, chez les primipares, diminué la quantité de lait sécré-tée de 3,4 kg/jour (16 %), augmenté les teneurs du lait en matières grasses (5,0 g/kg) et en protéines (2,2 g/kg), et diminué la teneur en lactose ( 1,5 g/kg). Chez les multipares, les modifications de sécré-tion laitière (-0,7 kg lait, + 0,9 g matières grasses et + 0,6 g de protéines/kg) n'ont pas été significatives. Le bilan énergétique n'a pas été modifié. Pendant la phase descendante de la lactation (début du 4 e mois de lactation en moyenne), la traite trois fois/2 j a réduit les quantités de

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Section: Performancesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of milking three times in 2 days for 3 weeks in early lactation or in the declining phase on milk production in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Rémond¹,

Boit²

1997

Ann. Zootech.

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“…Previous research on 3-in-2 has been limited, with only 2 published studies identified. Eldridge and Clark (1978) reported that milking 3-in-2 with a 10-19-19 h interval reduced milk production (kg of milk/cow) by 11% when introduced at wk 20 of lactation or by 18% when initiated at wk 4. On the other hand, Woolford et al (1985), using an 11-18.5-18.5 h interval over a full lactation, reported an 8% decrease in milk, a 6% decrease in milkfat per cow, and an increase in liveweight and body condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since these studies were conducted, there has been considerable genetic selection for milk production as well as farm system changes (LIC and DairyNZ, 2020). Further, Eldridge and Clark (1978) only evaluated effects on milk production, whereas Woolford et al (1985) also included liveweight and body condition. In a pasture-based dairy system, interactions between animal production and pasture production exist (Macdonald et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing milking frequency from twice each day to three times each two days affected protein but not fat yield in a pasture-based dairy system

Edwards

McMillan

Bryant

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Milking 3 times in 2 d (3-in-2) could enhance the attractiveness of the dairy workplace relative to twicea-day milking (TAD) by reducing labor requirements for milking and increasing workforce flexibility. The objective of this study was to quantify the farm system interactions associated with milking 3-in-2 at 3 stages of lactation, with the aim of providing guidance to pasture-based dairy farmers and advisors on the likely consequences of adopting 3-in-2 milking on farm productivity and business performance. Seventy-nine multiparous and 37 primiparous cows were randomly allocated to 4 experimental farms stocked at 3.5 cows/ ha. One herd was milked TAD for the whole lactation (August 2019 to May 2020), with the remaining 3 milked 3-in-2 for either the whole lactation, after December 1 when cows were an average of 101 d in milk, or after March 1 when days in milk averaged 189 d. Milking intervals over 48 h were 10-14-10-14 h for TAD and 12-18-18 h for 3-in-2. Animal, pasture, and farm system data were analyzed by linear regression, with the dependent variable being the annualized value of the performance metric of interest, and the number of days in the lactation milked 3-in-2 as the independent variable. For the proportion of the season milked 3-in-2, there was a significant effect on milk (−11%), protein (−8%), and lactose (−12%) yield per cow per year, but no effect of fat. Additionally, there was a positive effect (+6%) on body condition score before dry-off and the energy required for liveweight change (+26%), and a negative effect on the energy required for walking (−30%). There were no differences in estimated feed eaten, or pasture herbage accumulation, composition, or quality. Therefore, pasture management and feed allocation under 3-in-2 should be similar to TAD. On commercial farms, the degree to which reduced milk income can be offset by lower costs will be highly farm-specific, but opportunities for savings were identified in the results. The short walking distances on the research farm and potential to improve farm management using the time saved from fewer milkings suggests better production may be achieved with 3-in-2 milking on a commercial farm.

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“…There has been limited investigation of using a target milking time with OAD (Jago et al, 2010b), and it has not been tested when milking 3-in-2. The latter milking frequency often includes uneven milking intervals, such as 10-19-19 h (Eldridge and Clark, 1978), so that milking hours are more attractive for staff. Consequently, these uneven intervals present the same challenges to the practical application of a target milking time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving parlor efficiency in block calving pasture-based dairy systems through the application of a fixed milking time determined by daily milk yield and milking frequency

Edwards

Williamson

Kuhn-Sherlock

2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Adjusting end-of-milking criteria, in particular applying a maximum milking time determined by expected milk yield at an individual milking session, is one strategy to optimize parlor efficiency. However, this strategy can be difficult to apply practically on farm due to large differences in session milk yield, driven by milking interval, which affects milking routines and can be limited by in-parlor technology. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a single fixed milking time (duration) could be applied at all milking sessions without compromising milk production or udder health for a range of milking intervals. To test the hypothesis, 4 experimental herds were established: (1) herd milked twice a day (TAD) using a 10-and 14-h interval, (2) herd milked TAD using an 8-and 16-h interval, (3) herd milked 3 times in 2 d using a 10-19-19-h interval, and (4) herd milked once a day (OAD). Herds consisted of 40 cows each, and were established for two 6-wk experimental periods, one in peak lactation and the other in mid-late lactation. Within each herd, half the cows had an end-of-milking criterion of 0.35 kg/ min (Flow), and the other half had milking ended after a fixed period of time (FixedT) based on the average milking session yield, the daily milk yield divided by average number of milkings per day, irrespective of milking interval. We found no differences in daily milk yield between end-of-milking criteria due to residual milk from one milking likely increasing the proportion of milk in the udder cistern at the next milking session for the FixedT treatment. However, fat yield was compromised when the percentage of the herd with a truncated milking exceeded an estimated 33% at a milking session, which occurred in the TAD 8-16 herd due to the divergence from the average milking interval (in the case of TAD, 12-12 h). Applying a fixed milking time had no detrimental effects on udder health, except in the OAD herd in mid-late lactation, which had both a higher cell count and new intramammary infection rate. This warrants further investigation, although the majority of cultured bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Consequently, we conclude that, in general, with appropriate monitoring (e.g., weekly inspection) to ensure the proportion of the herd with truncated milkings does not exceed 33%, farmers in pasture-based dairy systems can use a fixed milking time to improve parlor efficiency.

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Production of cows milked 3 times each 2 days

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of milking three times in 2 days for 3 weeks in early lactation or in the declining phase on milk production in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Effects of milking three times in 2 days for 3 weeks in early lactation or in the declining phase on milk production in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Reducing milking frequency from twice each day to three times each two days affected protein but not fat yield in a pasture-based dairy system

Improving parlor efficiency in block calving pasture-based dairy systems through the application of a fixed milking time determined by daily milk yield and milking frequency

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