“…The dengue DIII domain of the E protein (dEDIII) is considered as a primary target for vaccine development due to its potential to activate a neutralizing antibody responses ( Leng et al., 2009 ; Chen et al., 2013 ). dEDIII and the premembrane protein (prM) have been successfully expressed in cowpea, lettuce chloroplasts, N. benthamiana and tobacco chloroplasts ( Martínez et al., 2010 ; Kanagarajan et al, 2012 ; Carlos Marques et al., 2014 ; Gottschamel et al., 2016 ; van Eerde et al., 2019 ). For example, dEDIII was expressed in N. tabacum by stable nuclear transformation ( Kim et al, 2015 ), chloroplast transformation ( Gottschamel et al., 2016 ), or transient expression in N. benthamiana , with the latter approach leading to higher production levels ( Chen et al., 2013 ; Kim et al., 2015 ; Gottschamel et al., 2016 ).…”