Production of emulcyan by Phormidium J-1: its activity and function

Fattom, Ali

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(85)90040-0

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…S9 aids in detaching adhered cells and reduces the capacity of cells to attach to hydrophobic inanimate surfaces during starvation (Wrangstadh et al 1986). The increase in detachment that occurred subsequent to polymer formation indicates that detachment could serve as a mechanism for the bacterium to scavenge other sites for nutrients as has previously been demonstrated for benthic cyanobacteria (Fattom and Shilo 1985) and the oil-degrading Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Rosenberg et al 1983b For personal use only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…433-442). The existence of other polysaccharides or macromolecules that exhibit anti-adhesive effects and induce detachment of cells from surfaces has been reported (e.g., Rosenberg et al 1983a;Robb 1984;Fattom and Shilo 1985;Pringle and Fletcher 1986). The aim of the present work is to examine the role of the polymer produced by Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The role of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 in cellular detachment during starvation

Wrangstadh¹,

Conway²,

Kjelleberg³

1989

Can. J. Microbiol.

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WRANGSTADH, M., CONWAY, P. L., and KJELLEBERG, S. 1989. The role of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 in cellular detachment during starvation. Can. J. Microbiol. 35: 309-312.An exopolysaccharide polymer is produced by the marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 in response to complete energy and nutrient starvation. The presence of this polysaccharide on the cell surface and its subsequent release have been shown to be associated with both adhesion and detachment of the bacterial cells. Detachment from a hydrophobic surface was correlated to the presence of the exopolysaccharide on detached S9 cells. The exopolysaccharide was detected, using immunofluorescence microscopy, on surface-bound cells after only 15 min of exogenous energy and nutrient deprivation. This technique did not reveal any significant amounts of exopolysaccharide on starving bulk phase cells prior to 3 h of starvation. Cells that detached after 5.5 h of starvation had low cell surface hydrophobicity values and increased amounts of cell-bound exopolysaccharide. In contrast, cells that became detached during the first 5.5 h of starvation showed increasing hydrophobicity values during prolonged bulk phase starvation. WRANGSTADH, M., CONWAY, P. L., et KJELLEBERG, S. 1989. The role of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine Pseudomoms sp. S9 in cellular detachment during starvation. Can. J. Microbiol. 35 : 309-312. Le rcile d'un polysaccharide extracellulaire produit par la bactCrie Pseudomonas sp. S9 a Ct C CtudiC dans des conditions de privation complkte en sources d'tnergie et de nutriments. La presence de ce polysaccharide h la surface des cellules et sa libtration subsCquente se sont avCrCes &tre associCes B la fois ?I I'adhCsion des cellules entre elles et h leur libkration par dktachement. Le dCtachement d'une surface hydrophobe a Ct C corrClC avec la detection d'un exopolysaccharide sur les cellules S9 1ibCrCes. Grdce ?I la microscopie en immuno-fluorescence, cet exopolysaccharide a: Ct C dCcelC h la surface des cellules likes entre elles aprks seulement 15 min de privation en sources dlCnergie et de nutriments. Cette technique n'a cependant rCvC1C la presence de quantitCs significatives de l'exopolysaccharide dans la masse de cellules B 1'Ctat de privation totale qu'aprks 3 h de ce rCgime. Aprks 5,s h, les cellules qui se sont dCtachCes ont present6 des valeurs faibles dlhydrophobicitC des surfaces cellulaires et des quantitCs croissantes d'exopolysaccharide liC 2 la surface des cellules. A l'oppost, les cellules qui se sont dCtachCes au cours des 5,s h de privation ont prCsentC des valeurs d'hydrophobicitC croissantes au cours d'une phase prolong& de privation de la masse cellulaire. [Traduit par la revue] Introduction The significance of polysaccharides produced by marine bacteria for adhesion processes has been a subject of discussion during recent years (e.g., Corpe 1970; Geesey 1982; Sutherland 1980; Platt et al. 1985; Tosteson 1985). Although polymers have been shown to contribute to cell surfa...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The role of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 in cellular detachment during starvation

Wrangstadh¹,

Conway²,

Kjelleberg³

1989

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…A newly identified glycolipid group called mannosylerthritol lipids are produced by Candida and Ustilago maydis (25,26,51). A second major class of biosurfactant is the lipoproteins, which includes surfactin, iturin, fengycin, and lichenysin, which are (8,10,11,13,20,43,48,49,55). In this study, three biosurfactant-producing genera, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium, were obtained from the screened soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria in Undisturbed and Contaminated Arid Southwestern Soils

Bodour

Drees

Maier

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

317

173

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Biosurfactants are a unique class of compounds that have been shown to have a variety of potential applications in the remediation of organic-and metal-contaminated sites, in the enhanced transport of bacteria, in enhanced oil recovery, as cosmetic additives, and in biological control. However, little is known about the distribution of biosurfactant-producing bacteria in the environment. The goal of this study was to determine how common culturable surfactant-producing bacteria are in undisturbed and contaminated sites. A series of 20 contaminated (i.e., with metals and/or hydrocarbons) and undisturbed soils were collected and plated on R 2 A agar. The 1,305 colonies obtained were screened for biosurfactant production in mineral salts medium containing 2% glucose. Forty-five of the isolates were positive for biosurfactant production, representing most of the soils tested. The 45 isolates were grouped by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR analysis, which yielded 16 unique isolates. Phylogenetic relationships were determined by comparing the 16S rRNA gene sequence of each unique isolate with known sequences, revealing one new biosurfactant-producing microbe, a Flavobacterium sp. Sequencing results indicated only 10 unique isolates (in comparison to the REP analysis, which indicated 16 unique isolates). Surface tension results demonstrated that isolates that were similar according to sequence analysis but unique according to REP analysis in fact produced different surfactant mixtures under identical growth conditions. These results suggest that the 16S rRNA gene database commonly used for determining phylogenetic relationships may miss diversity in microbial products (e.g., biosurfactants and antibiotics) that are made by closely related isolates. In summary, biosurfactant-producing microorganisms were found in most soils even by using a relatively limited screening assay. Distribution was dependent on soil conditions, with gram-positive biosurfactant-producing isolates tending to be from heavy metal-contaminated or uncontaminated soils and gram-negative isolates tending to be from hydrocarbon-contaminated or cocontaminated soils.

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“…These biosurfactants may condition the bacterial surface or the substratum (Bar-Ness et al 1988;Rosenberg 1986). Bacterial polymeric emulsifiers have been implicated in the detachment of the cells from hydrophobic surfaces in two strains (Fattom and Shilo 1985;Rosenberg 1983). In other publications which investigated bacterial adhesion and the influence of surface active compounds, the effect of synthetic surfactants has been described (Akit and Zajic 1982;Erne et al 1984;Humphrey and Marshall 1984;McEldowey and Fletcher 1986;Paul and Jeffrey 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some publications that describe the emulsifying capability of polysaccharides (Fattom and Shilo 1985;Floodgate 1978;Rosenberg et al 1979b;Sandford and Baird 1983;Sutherland and Ellwood 1979), and many publications that demonstrate the adhesion of bacteria with polysaccharide capsules to hydrophobic surfaces (for a review, see Costerton et al 1981;Savage and Fletcher 1985). In both cases there exists a necessity for the occurrence of hydrophobic regions in the polysaccharide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsifying agents from bacteria isolated during screening for cells with hydrophobic surfaces

Neu

Poralla

1990

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The culture supernatants of 126 bacterial strains isolated during screening for hydrophobic cell surfaces, were tested for the production of emulsifying agents. Forty-eight strains were found to produce effective emulsion-stabilizing substances during growth on glucose. The most effective emulsifying agents were isolated and could be divided into two chemical groups. The first group was separated from the isolated extracts by the use of thin-layer chromatography and detected as ninhydrin-negative, 4,4'-tetramethyldiamino-diphenylmethane-positive spots. The amino acid composition indicated surfactin and iturin, produced by one Bacillus species, and viscosin, produced by a Pseudomonas species. The second group was identified as polymeric substances. The chemical characterization of five polymers showed polysaccharides that were able to stabilize emulsions. From these the neutral and charged monosaccharides were determined qualitatively. The constituents of the five isolated polysaccharides were: strain 5,

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Production of emulcyan by Phormidium J-1: its activity and function

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

The role of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 in cellular detachment during starvation

The role of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 in cellular detachment during starvation

Distribution of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria in Undisturbed and Contaminated Arid Southwestern Soils

Emulsifying agents from bacteria isolated during screening for cells with hydrophobic surfaces

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