Production of Energy from Biomass

Abstract

The transport sector generates a lot of emissions of different gases and particles in the air. The gases are released by combustion of different fossil fuels in car engines. These emissions have a negative effect on human health and are also now known to cause vast environmental changes. Several of these gases are greenhouse gases such as CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, etc. There is very strong evidence of a correlation between greenhouse gases and worldwide weather changes resulting in global warming. These negative environmental effects together with increasing energy demands in the world and depletion of fossil fuels in the near future, in combination with longdistance transport have had a positive impact on developing new energy sources. Bioenergy (energy derived from biological sources) production from renewable resources has increased during recent decades. World energy demand has dramatically increased and new sources of energy, beside fossil resources, are needed. The European Union is prompting its member states to increase their use of biofuels to meet a target share of 5.75% of the total fuel market by 2010. However, they had only reached an average share of 1.4% of the biofuel usage for all member states in 2005. To meet the EU target it is necessary to act in several different areas and develop several different bioenergy products, depending on regional possibilities Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass Edited by James Clark and Fabien Deswarte

Rapeseed – A Valuable Renewable Bioresource

“…Biodiesel has several advantages, compared to diesel produced from fossil precursors, for example, it is degradable, non-toxic, contains no sulfur and releases less emission during combustion. 40 If we consider that on average one liter of vegetal oil and 10% methanol are needed to make 1 liter of biodiesel and 350 g of glycerol, the biofuel production yield of rapeseed is high. 41 As an alternative to diesel fuel, biodiesel already has its place in the current transportation fuel system and is widely used.…”

Development Perspectives Of The Biobased Economy: A Review

“…New concepts for increasing photosynthetic efficiency that are currently being developed include (Arshadi and Sellstedt, 2008): Artificial leaves, using light to extract electrons from water to produce hydrogen and synthetic gas. This involves ultra fast light harvesting and micro reactors, a photocatalysis system, and an inorganic nanostructure to generate the fuels; BioSolar Cells, which are organisms designed with synthetic biology to produce fuels (butanol, methanol, ethanol, lipids, and hydrogen) without the biomass intermediate, and with a positive contribution to solving the CO 2 problem.…”

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an effective tool in reducing auto-oxidation of dried pine sawdust for power generation

“…[1][2][3] Soft wood such as pine or spruce are one such resource that are relatively inexpensive, available in large volumes, and does not compete with food applications. Pelletized pine or spruce is commonly used as fuel in homes and power stations throughout Sweden, where annual production of wood pellets is 1.7 million tons.…”

“…The use of renewable resources to generate fuels and multiply high value chemical products through clean chemical technologies is an intrinsic part of an integrated bio-refinery. [1][2][3] Soft wood such as pine or spruce are one such resource that are relatively inexpensive, available in large volumes, and does not compete with food applications. Pelletized pine or spruce is commonly used as fuel in homes and power stations throughout Sweden, where annual production of wood pellets is 1.7 million tons.…”