Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil

Menkiti, Matthew Chukwudi; Ocholi, Ocheje; Agu, Chinedu M.

doi:10.1007/s40090-017-0116-1

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, the optimum molar ratio for this study was at stoichiometric molar ratio of 3:1. On account of the stoichiometric reaction, the production of biolubricant can be much better accomplished by experimenting with a higher molar ratio of reactants to enhance reaction completion [5]. However, in our study, increasing molar ratio of FAME to TMP above its stoichiometric molar ratio, decreased the conversion of reactant to biolubricant.…”

Section: The Effect Of Molar Ratio On the Transesterification Reactiomentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Hence, the use of non-edible oil as feedstock for biolubricant may reduce the competition within the current agricultural resources [3]. There are few studies reported for biolubricant production from vegetable oil based such as palm oil, Jatropha curcas oil, rubber seed oil, Karanja oil, rapeseed oil, waste cooking oil and sesame oil [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the structure of vegetable oil may also affect its lubrication properties, such as: oxidation stability, hydrolytic instability, and low-temperature properties [5]. Therefore, the modification should be proposed to improve oil performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

Kamarudin

Veny

Sidek

et al. 2020

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester is an eco-friendly lubricant that fully biodegradable and known as bio lubricant. In this study, TMP ester was produced from waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil through a two-step synthesis approach. The reaction is two stages transesterifications, in which the waste cooking oil and the rubber seed oil were first transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, followed by transesterification with TMP using para-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as catalyst. Various effects of operating conditions were observed, such as reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of reactants. The TMP ester formation was determined based on the quantity of reactant conversion. The synthesized TMP ester was compared and characterized according to their properties. The results showed that the TMP ester from waste cooking oil (WCO) has shown better conversion compare to TMP ester from rubber seed oil (RSO), within a similar operating condition. The highest TMP ester conversion from WCO is 71%, at temperature of 150 ºC with molar ratio of FAME to TMP of 3:1 and catalyst amount of 2% (wt/wt). In addition, these polyol based esters from WCO and RSO exhibit appropriate basic properties for viscosity when compare with requirement standard of lubricant ISO VG46. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Section: The Effect Of Molar Ratio On the Transesterification Reactiomentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

Kamarudin

Veny

Sidek

et al. 2020

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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“…The oxidative onset temperature of EWCO was found to be 355 °C (Figure ). Comparison of thermal stability obtained for the present work with that for the other epoxidized oil reveals that the EWCO possesses relatively higher oxidative stability as compared to epoxidized canola oil (320 °C) and jatropha oil trimethylolpropane esters (240 °C) …”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Prepared Ewcomentioning

confidence: 79%

In situ epoxidation of waste soybean cooking oil for synthesis of biolubricant basestock: A process parameter optimization and comparison with RSM, ANN, and GA

et al. 2018

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In this work, the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as an alternative tool for modelling and predicting the optimum conversion of the unsaturated fatty acid to epoxide in comparison with the response surface methodology (RSM) was developed. In the present investigation, waste soybean cooking oil (WCO) as biolubricant basestock was prepared via structural modification of unsaturated fatty acids (in situ epoxidation). Optimization of the effect of process parameters on maximum oxirane oxygen content (OOC) was studied using RSM. Interaction among the process parameters, such as C=C bonds to H2O2 molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time was examined by ANOVA. The main focus of this study was to establish optimum OOC conditions using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as a homogeneous acid catalyst. Optimum OOC of epoxidized waste soybean cooking oil (EWCO) was found to be 4.69 mass% under the experimental conditions of 60 °C temperature, 6 h reaction time, 1.5 g of catalyst loading, and 1:2 molar ratio of C=C bonds to H2O2. The resultant epoxide product was confirmed with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (at 844.82 cm−1) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) (at δ 2.8 to δ 3.1 ppm) analysis. Significant physicochemical properties of the prepared lubricant basestock were evaluated at optimum conditions using standard methods. Further, ANN modelling and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization were carried out by using an identical dataset. The results of the study revealed that the chemically modified WCO derivatives also can act as a potential biolubricant basestock.

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“…As such, alternative oil sources for chemical process industries, which are renewable, biodegradable, and eco‐friendly, are currently being researched. Significantly, vegetable oils obtained from seeds and nuts are often used as a suitable substitute to mineral oil obtained from petroleum, 2 hence there is a need for the development/modification of the vegetable oils, into industrial products such as biodiesel, 3 biolubricants, 4,5 transformer fluid, 2 and other vital fuels that could be used as replacement for conventional mineral base fuels/fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

Egbuna

Nwachukwu

Agu

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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This work focused on the chemical synthesis and characterization of palm kernel oil (PKO) for biolubricant production using transesterification of palm kernel methyl ester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) and epoxidation‐esterification methods. The PKO was extracted using solvent extraction method. The physicochemical characteristics of the PKO and produced biolubricant samples were determined using standard methods. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were used to determine the predominant functional groups and fatty acids of PKO and the produced biolubricant samples, respectively. The kernel oil yield of 49.82% (by weight) was obtained at 55°C, 150 min and 0.5 mm particle size. The viscosities at 40°C, 100°C, viscosity index, pour and flash points of the biolubricants produced by transesterification with TMP (PKBLT) and epoxidation‐esterification (PKBLE) methods, were (42.53 cSt, 10.65 cSt, 139, −11°C, 235°C) and (44.69 cSt, 11.42 cSt, 132, −12°C, 240°C), respectively. Time, mole ratio, and temperature effects were the main factors that significantly influenced the transesterification and epoxidation processes. The obtained physicochemical properties of PKBLE and PKBLT samples showed conformity with ISO VG 32 standard, hence their possible application as biolubricant basestock. Furthermore, the presences of the C–H, OH functional groups in the FTIR results, indicate the biodegradability of the produced biolubricant samples; while the GC analyses indicate that the samples were mainly saturated fatty acids.

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Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

In situ epoxidation of waste soybean cooking oil for synthesis of biolubricant basestock: A process parameter optimization and comparison with RSM, ANN, and GA

Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

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