Production of Ethanol from
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            -Xylose by Using
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            -Xylose Isomerase and Yeasts

Gong, Cheng S.; Chen, Lifu; Flickinger, Michael C.; Chiang, Lin-Chang; Tsao, George T.

doi:10.1128/aem.41.2.430-436.1981

Cited by 184 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The results of this study were compared to the enzymatic and recombinant S. cerevisiae approaches in the literature. 16,20,26,28,31,[41][42][43] These ethanol productivities were calculated using the entire fermentation length including the cell growth phase and ending at complete glucose consumption. For example, 76.7 g/L ethanol was produced in 28.7 h for the fermentations with both ECE and xylose isomerase additions for an ethanol productivity of 2.67 6 0.07 g/L h. The highest ethanol productivity in the literature reported for extracellular xylose isomerase and these recent recombinant systems are 2.3 g/L h and 1.1 g/L h, respectively ( Figure 5A).…”

Section: Ethanol Production From Pure Sugars With Ece and Xylose Isommentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel two‐stage fermentation process for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces pastorianus

Gowtham

Miller

Hodge

et al. 2014

Biotechnology Progress

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Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials has the potential to be economically feasible, if both glucose and xylose released from cellulose and hemicellulose can be efficiently converted to ethanol. Saccharomyces spp. can efficiently convert glucose to ethanol; however, xylose conversion to ethanol is a major hurdle due to lack of xylose-metabolizing pathways. In this study, a novel two-stage fermentation process was investigated to improve bioethanol productivity. In this process, xylose is converted into biomass via non-Saccharomyces microorganism and coupled to a glucose-utilizing Saccharomyces fermentation. Escherichia coli was determined to efficiently convert xylose to biomass, which was then killed to produce E. coli extract. Since earlier studies with Saccharomyces pastorianus demonstrated that xylose isomerase increased ethanol productivities on pure sugars, the addition of both E. coli extract and xylose isomerase to S. pastorianus fermentations on pure sugars and corn stover hydrolysates were investigated. It was determined that the xylose isomerase addition increased ethanol productivities on pure sugars but was not as effective alone on the corn stover hydrolysates. It was observed that the E. coli extract addition increased ethanol productivities on both corn stover hydrolysates and pure sugars. The ethanol productivities observed on the corn stover hydrolysates with the E. coli extract addition was the same as observed on pure sugars with both E. coli extract and xylose isomerase additions. These results indicate that the two-stage fermentation process has the capability to be a competitive alternative to recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based fermentations.

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Section: Ethanol Production From Pure Sugars With Ece and Xylose Isommentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel two‐stage fermentation process for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces pastorianus

Gowtham

Miller

Hodge

et al. 2014

Biotechnology Progress

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“…Although xylulose is a rare sugar in nature (Granström, Takata, Tokuda, & Izumori, 2004), the ability of S. cerevisiae to ferment this pentose has attracted considerable attention because the xylose present in lignocellulosic biomass can be isomerized into xylulose by the addition of commercial xylose (glucose) isomerase to the medium (a bacterial enzyme used in the industrial production of high-fructose syrup), allowing the fermentation of this abundant carbon source (de Bari, Cuna, Di Matteo, & Liuzzi, 2014;Gong, Chen, Flickinger, Chiang, & Tsao, 1981;Hahn-Hagerdal, Berner, & Skoog, 1986;Linden & Hahn-Hagerdal, 1989;Milessi et al, 2018;Rao, Chelikani, Relue, & Varanasi, 2008;Yuan, Rao, Relue, & Varanasi, 2011;Yuan, Rao, Varanasi, & Relue, 2012). However, the rates of cell growth, xylulose consumption, and ethanol production and yield from this carbon source are significantly lower than the results obtained from the fermentation of other sugars by S. cerevisiae, like glucose or galactose (Jeppsson et al, 1996;Mittelman & Barkai, 2017;Tamari, Rosin, Voichek, & Barkai, 2014;Yu et al, 1995).…”

Section: Pentose Fermentation By S Cerevisiaementioning

confidence: 99%

d‐Xylose consumption by nonrecombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A review

Patiño

Ortiz

Velásquez

et al. 2019

Yeast

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Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in nature. Its efficient fermentation has been considered as a critical factor for a feasible conversion of renewable biomass resources into biofuels and other chemicals. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is of exceptional industrial importance due to its excellent capability to ferment sugars. However, although S. cerevisiae is able to ferment xylulose, it is considered unable to metabolize xylose, and thus, a lot of research has been directed to engineer this yeast with heterologous genes to allow xylose consumption and fermentation. The analysis of the natural genetic diversity of this yeast has also revealed some nonrecombinant S. cerevisiae strains that consume or even grow (modestly) on xylose. The genome of this yeast has all the genes required for xylose transport and metabolism through the xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase pathway, but there seems to be problems in their kinetic properties and/or required expression. Self‐cloning industrial S. cerevisiae strains overexpressing some of the endogenous genes have shown interesting results, and new strategies and approaches designed to improve these S. cerevisiae strains for ethanol production from xylose will also be presented in this review.

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“…Advances in the genetics of engineered yeasts for pentose fermentation, particularly S. cerevisiae, are most attractive to the corn processing industry because of their familiarity and experience with yeast fermentations and the potential robustness of the organisms. Stevis and Ho (1985), Gong et al (1981), Sarthy et al (1987), Amore et al (1989), Moes et al (1996), and Walfridsson et al, (1996) have introduced bacterial xylose isomerase genes into S. cerevisiae, which does not normally metabolize xylose. This approach for producing a Saccharomyces capable of converting xylose to ethanol has met with limited success because of the following possibilities (Dumsday et al, 1997a): differences in internal pH between bacteria and yeasts; incorrect folding of the enzyme; and unsuitable post-translational modifications.…”

Section: Fermentative Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentations with New Recombinant Organisms

Bothast

Nichols

Dien

1999

Biotechnology Progress

141

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United States fuel ethanol production in 1998 exceeded the record production of 1.4 billion gallons set in 1995. Most of this ethanol was produced from over 550 million bushels of corn. Expanding fuel ethanol production will require developing lower-cost feedstocks, and only lignocellulosic feedstocks are available in sufficient quantities to substitute for corn starch. Major technical hurdles to converting lignocellulose to ethanol include the lack of low-cost efficient enzymes for saccharification of biomass to fermentable sugars and the development of microorganisms for the fermentation of these mixed sugars. To date, the most successful research approaches to develop novel biocatalysts that will efficiently ferment mixed sugar syrups include isolation of novel yeasts that ferment xylose, genetic engineering of Escherichia coli and other gram negative bacteria for ethanol production, and genetic engineering of Saccharoymces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis for pentose utilization. We have evaluated the fermentation of corn fiber hydrolyzates by the various strains developed. E. coli K011, E. coli SL40, E. coli FBR3, Zymomonas CP4 (pZB5), and Saccharomyces 1400 (pLNH32) fermented corn fiber hydrolyzates to ethanol in the range of 21-34 g/L with yields ranging from 0.41 to 0.50 g of ethanol per gram of sugar consumed. Progress with new recombinant microorganisms has been rapid and will continue with the eventual development of organisms suitable for commercial ethanol production. Each research approach holds considerable promise, with the possibility existing that different "industrially hardened" strains may find separate applications in the fermentation of specific feedstocks.

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Production of Ethanol from d -Xylose by Using d -Xylose Isomerase and Yeasts

Cited by 184 publications

References 20 publications

Novel two‐stage fermentation process for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces pastorianus

Novel two‐stage fermentation process for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces pastorianus

d‐Xylose consumption by nonrecombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A review

Fermentations with New Recombinant Organisms

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