Production of extra-cellular slime by Staphylococcus epidermidis during stationary phase of growth: its association with adherence to implantable devices.

Bayston, Roger; Rodgers, J

doi:10.1136/jcp.43.10.866

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some coagulase-negative staphylococci have been shown to produce extracellular proteins (Donham et al, 1988) and slime (Bayston & Rodgers, 1990), mostly during the post-exponential growth phase. It is tempting to speculate that these species possess a common regulatory mechanism exhibiting some homologies with S. aureus agr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in expression of type 5 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus

Dassy

Hogan²,

Foster³

et al. 1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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The effect of an agr mutation on expression of type 5 capsular polysaccharide (CP) by Staphylococcus aureus Newman was investigated in different complex and synthetic media. CP expression by the agr mutant was strongly reduced in certain media but slightly in others, indicating that CP synthesis is positively controlled by agr. CP expression occurred in the post-exponential growth phase in both wild-type and mutant strains, suggesting that other regulatory systems could act in conjunction with agr.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in expression of type 5 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus

Dassy

Hogan²,

Foster³

et al. 1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Slime could either increase or decrease the binding of the PS to the bacterial cell and, independently of binding, could act as a barrier to penetration of the PS into the interior of the organism, where the generation of reactive oxygen species would be more likely to lead to cell death. Slime production in staphylococci is known to be significantly higher in the stationary phase than in the log phase (4), and interactions between slime and PS could therefore explain some conflicting literature data on the relative susceptibility of stationary-and logphase bacteria to PDI (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Growth Phase and Extracellular Slime on Photodynamic Inactivation of Gram-Positive Pathogenic Bacteria

Gad

Zahra

Hasan

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

185

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The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has led to efforts to find alternative antimicrobial therapeutics to which bacteria will not be easily able to develop resistance. One of these may be the combination of nontoxic dyes (photosensitizers [PS]) and visible light, known as photodynamic therapy, and we have reported its use to treat localized infections in animal models. While it is known that gram-positive species are generally susceptible to photodynamic inactivation (PDI), the factors that govern variation in degrees of killing are unknown. We used isogenic pairs of wild-type and transposon mutants deficient in capsular polysaccharide and slime production generated from Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus to examine the effects of extracellular slime on susceptibility to PDI mediated by two cationic PS (a polylysine-chlorin e6 conjugate, pL-c e6 , and methylene blue [MB]) and an anionic molecule, free c e6 , and subsequent exposure to 665-nm light at 0 to 40 J/cm 2 . Free c e6 gave more killing of mutant strains than wild type, despite the latter taking up more PS. Log-phase cultures were killed more than stationary-phase cultures, and this correlated with increased uptake. The cationic pL-c e6 and MB gave similar uptakes and killing despite a 50-fold difference in incubation concentration. Differences in susceptibility between strains and between growth phases observed with free c e6 largely disappeared with the cationic compounds despite significant differences in uptake. These data suggest that slime production and stationary phase can be obstacles against PDI for gram-positive bacteria but that these obstacles can be overcome by using cationic PS.

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“…This verification study presents a quantitative comparison of drug efficacy in vivo and in vitro against both suspended and adherent bacteria. Using the same antibiotic regimens against the identical strains in both models, the study focused on staphylococci, the major cause of devicerelated infections (2,13). In addition, the verification was also expanded with a limited number of experiments with a gramnegative pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo verification of in vitro model of antibiotic treatment of device-related infection

Blaser

Vergères

Widmer

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

112

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Device-related infections are difficult to treat with antibiotics alone. Standard susceptibility tests do not correlate with treatment success. Therefore, the utility of a pharmacokinetic in vitro model has been evaluated in comparison with the tissue-cage infection model in guinea pigs. The bactericidal activity of 28 treatment regimens has been studied by using three different test strains. In vitro efficacy was defined as reduction in the number of suspended or adherent bacteria, and in vivo efficacy was defined as reduction in the number of bacteria in tissue-cage fluid. Test results between the two models (in vivo and in vitro) correlated well, with correlation coefficients of 0.85 for in vivo efficacy versus in vitro efficacy against suspended bacteria and 0.72 for in vivo efficacy versus in vitro efficacy against adherent bacteria (P < 0.05) for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.96 and 0.82 (P < 0.05) for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 0.89 and 0.97 for Escherichia coli, respectively. In contrast, standard susceptibility tests, ratios of MICs to trough or peak levels, ratios of the area under the curve to the MIC, or time above the MIC were not predictive for therapeutic outcome in either the in vitro or in vivo model. In both models, the bactericidal activity levels with combination regimens were significantly higher than those with single-drug regimens (P < 0.001). Furthermore, rifampin combinations with either vancomycin, teicoplanin, fleroxacin, or ciprofloxacin were significantly more bactericidal against adherent bacteria than netilmicin combinations with vancomycin or daptomycin (P < 0.01). Thus, in vivo verification of the pharmacokinetic in vitro model correlated well with the animal model. The in vitro model offers an alternative to the animal model in experiments that screen and assess antibiotic regimens against devicerelated infections.

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Production of extra-cellular slime by Staphylococcus epidermidis during stationary phase of growth: its association with adherence to implantable devices.

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Involvement of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in expression of type 5 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus

Involvement of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in expression of type 5 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus

Effects of Growth Phase and Extracellular Slime on Photodynamic Inactivation of Gram-Positive Pathogenic Bacteria

In vivo verification of in vitro model of antibiotic treatment of device-related infection

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