1993
DOI: 10.1007/bf01878079
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Production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by head and neck carcinomas

Abstract: Detectable levels of G-CSF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were found in sera of 4 out of 15 patients with head and neck carcinomas. Also cells prepared from the tumors of these 4 patients secreted G-CSF. The supernatants of cells derived from all 15 patients did not contain granulocyte-monocyte CSF, monocyte CSF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta 1, epidermal growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6. These findings suggest that leukocytosis in patients with carci… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…This therapeutic use relies on data showing no adverse effect of both factors (55). However, our data as well as that of other studies demonstrate the association of G-CSF and/or GM-CSF expression with an enhanced invasive and metastatic potential (5,19) and thus warrant a careful reevaluation of the role of G-CSF and GM-CSF in the growth of solid tumors in vivo and the consequences of their use in cancer therapy protocols.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 72%
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“…This therapeutic use relies on data showing no adverse effect of both factors (55). However, our data as well as that of other studies demonstrate the association of G-CSF and/or GM-CSF expression with an enhanced invasive and metastatic potential (5,19) and thus warrant a careful reevaluation of the role of G-CSF and GM-CSF in the growth of solid tumors in vivo and the consequences of their use in cancer therapy protocols.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…2 This clearly supports the need for an additive or synergistic contribution of both factors to the establishment of an enhanced malignant tumor phenotype. Comparably, de novo expression of both growth factors has been reported in highgrade malignant gliomas, meningiomas, head and neck tumors, and SCCs of the skin (5,8,16,17,19,20).…”
Section: Effect Of G-csf and Gm-csf For Tumor Growth And Progressionmentioning
confidence: 90%
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“…The most common neutrophil chemoattractants produced by tumors include IL-8 (CXCL8/CXCL2), MIP-1α (CCL3), huGCP-2 (CXCL6) and KC (CXCL1) [167][168][169][170][171]. G-CSF is ectopically expressed in several human tumors such as leukemia [172], bladder [173], pancreatic [174], cervical [175], ovarian [176], head and neck [177], colorectal [178] and breast carcinoma [179]. Similarly, some human cancers show elevated GM-CSF expression levels [31,180,181].…”
Section: Regulation Of Neutrophil Mobilization Recruitment and Activmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, G-CSF exposure paradoxically can also elicit adverse effects, and inhibit innate and adaptive immunity [24], [25]; yet, the precise mechanisms by which G-CSF does so remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the idea that G-CSF may not always be beneficial to the host is supported by the findings that G-CSF is aberrantly expressed by diverse human tumors, including head and neck, cervical, ovarian, pancreatic, bladder and leukemia [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%