Production of high-quality biodiesel fuels from various vegetable oils over Ti-incorporated SBA-15 mesoporous silica

“…As the amount of methanol increases, the tendency to balance will shift in favor of the product, thereby increasing the yield of the ester. In addition, methanol may promote a decrease in the viscosity of the mixture, allowing the reaction system and the catalyst to be better mixed, increasing the mass transfer rate, therefore increasing the conversion rate …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel is made from renewable resources, which is non‐toxic, biodegradable, aromatic‐free and lubric . At present, biodiesel production processes primarily employ transesterification of recycled greases, vegetable oils or animal fats using homogeneous catalysts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Granular Carbon‐Based Solid Acid Catalyst from White Poplar and the Catalytic Activities in Esterification

Tang

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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Three granular carbon‐based solid acids were prepared from white poplar and used for the esterification of oleic acid and methanol. The granular carbon‐based catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and specific surface area test (BET) etc. The catalysts demonstrated high activities for the esterification of oleic acid with the conversion up to 98%. The prepared catalysts can be easily recovered and reused in the application process. The effects of carbonization temperature and reaction conditions on the catalytic activities were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst prepared by method‐2 owned excellent stability with the recycled esterification conversion of 90% after five runs.

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“…The moisture contents of crude and degummed Jatropha oils were analyzed by a Metrohm 831 KF coulometer equipped with a 728 magnetic stirrer based on the EN ISO 12937 method . The P and metal contents of crude and degummed Jatropha oils were determined by inductively coupled plasma‐optic emission spectrometry (Optima™ 8000 ICP‐OES, PerkinElmer, Inc.) based on the prEN 14538 method . Note that all the data were measured for at least three times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent those damages, there are strict rules to regulate the composition and impurity of BDF. The international fuel standards, i.e., EN 14214:2012, have regulated that the P and specific metal contents of BDF intended for addition to diesel fuel should be lower than 4 and 5 ppm, respectively [5][6][7]. Although the aciddegumming of crude and edible soybean, palm, sunflower and rapeseed oils with low acid values has been examined [8-10, 17, 18], there are only few examples on degumming of non-edible Jatropha oil with a high acid value [19][20][21][22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost‐effective acid degumming process produces high‐quality Jatropha oil in tropical monsoon climates

Chen

Teerananont

Sonthisawate

et al. 2015

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Degumming is an essential step to remove the gum from crude vegetable oil in order to produce high-quality vegetable oil with minimum impurity for various applications, such as food or feedstock for production of biodiesel fuel (BDF). In the tropical monsoon region, degummed Jatropha oil is low-quality and the loss on degumming is serious because the removal of the gum is a difficult task. Herein, a facile and economic process for efficient removal of the gum from crude Jatropha oil was developed with consideration for the tropical monsoon climate in Southeast Asian Nations, in which phosphoric acid (PA) was used as a degumming agent. When crude Jatropha oil was agitated with 0.025 wt% of PA and 2 vol% of water at 60°C for 30 min, followed by aging at 30°C for 60-120 min and filtering through the Teflon-coated filter, the PA-degummed Jatropha oil with ultra-low contents of phosphorus (P), alkali metals and alkaline earth metals was entirely good as oil feedstock for production of high-quality BDF based on the international fuel standards (i.e., EN 14214:2012). Moreover, the degummed Jatropha oil trapped in the unwanted gum was easily recovered by the sieving technique.Practical applications: For the first time, the degumming of crude Jatropha oil in the tropical monsoon climate is thoroughly studied. To form the gum completely, the amounts of PA and water are kept at 0.025 wt% and 2 vol% of crude Jatropha oil, respectively, and the agitation temperature is kept at 60°C. The gum is removed through the Teflon-coated filter after aging at 30°C for 60-120 min, which is similar to the monthly mean temperatures ranging between 26 and 31°C in Thailand. The advantages of this process are that it is simple and cost effective, since expensive instruments for separation and purification are not used, such as high-speed centrifuge or special membrane. Most of the degummed oil trapped in the unwanted gum can be easily recovered through a stainless steel sieve. Accordingly, this process is currently operating on a pilot plant scale in Thailand.

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Production of high-quality biodiesel fuels from various vegetable oils over Ti-incorporated SBA-15 mesoporous silica

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Applications of nanotechnology in renewable energies—A comprehensive overview and understanding

Applications of nanotechnology in renewable energies—A comprehensive overview and understanding

Preparation of Granular Carbon‐Based Solid Acid Catalyst from White Poplar and the Catalytic Activities in Esterification

A cost‐effective acid degumming process produces high‐quality Jatropha oil in tropical monsoon climates

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