Production of IgM antibody to HHV6 in reactivation and primary infection

Fox, Julie D.; Ward, Patricia A.; Briggs, Moya; Irving, William L.; Stammers, T. G.; Tedder, Richard S.

doi:10.1017/s095026880005946x

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…31 Rising or elevated HHV-6 IgG titers have been described in patients with active CMV or EBV infection. 33,14 This was not a factor in our study group, because nobody had CMV, EBV, or HSV IgM antibodies in the presence of primary HHV-6 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Case-Control Study of Primary Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection in Children With Febrile Seizures

Hukin

Farrell²,

MacWilliam

et al. 1998

PEDIATRICS

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ABSTRACT. Rationale. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been demonstrated to be the causative agent in roseola infantum. It has been suggested that HHV-6 may have neurotropic properties and be involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures in infants. We describe a case-control study to examine the hypothesis that acute HHV-6 infection occurs more commonly in children with febrile seizures than in controls.Methods. Patients presenting with a first or second febrile seizure between 6 months and 2 years of age were entered in the study. Control patients did not have a seizure but had similar inclusion and exclusion criteria. Specimens were obtained for HHV-6 viral serology and polymerase chain reaction in the acute stage and approximately 2 weeks later. A diagnosis of HHV-6 infection was based on HHV-6-specific IgM and IgG serology and HHV-6 polymerase chain reaction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and saliva.Results. Eighty-six patients (45 with febrile seizures; 41 controls) were enrolled. The HHV-6 infection status could be determined in only 68 patients (35 with febrile seizures; 33 controls). Acute HHV-6 infection was identified in 15 of 35 febrile seizure patients and in 15 of 33 controls. Evidence of past HHV-6 infection was demonstrated in 13 febrile seizure patients and in 8 controls.Conclusions. The incidence of primary HHV-6 infection is similar in patients with febrile seizures and agematched controls. HHV-6 does not seem to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of first and second febrile seizures. Pediatrics 1998;101(2). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/101/2/e3; human herpesvirus 6, febrile seizures, case-control.ABBREVIATIONS. HHV-6, human herpesvirus 6; RI, roseola infantum; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PBMN, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HSV, herpes simplex virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFA, immunofluorescent assay. H uman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), a lymphotropic virus, is the causative agent of roseola infantum (RI).1,2 HHV-6 infection is more often associated with a nonspecific febrile illness between 6 months and 2 years of life.3 Seroprevalence studies in Japan, England, and the United States demonstrate that infection with HHV-6 is common.4 -6 HHV-6-specific IgG can be detected in almost all newborns, but the prevalence declines to less than 10% by 4 to 5 months of age, presumably as maternal antibody wanes. 4 The seroprevalence increases to 65% by 1 year of age 6 and to greater than 90% by 13 to 36 months of age. 4,6,7 Accumulating clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that HHV-6, like all other herpesviruses, may have neurotropic properties. RI may be complicated by seizures, encephalopathy, aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and hemiplegia. Febrile seizures are the commonest cause of seizures in early childhood and present before 3 years of age in more than 80% of patients. 21,22 A family history of seizures, usually febrile seizures, is observed in 30% to 50% o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Fox et al 33 described two adults with an acute febrile illness, who had HHV-6 IgG present in baseline samples and yet developed HHV-6 IgM antibodies. He interpreted this as an IgM response in reactivated disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Study of Primary Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection in Children With Febrile Seizures

Hukin

Farrell²,

MacWilliam

et al. 1998

PEDIATRICS

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“…Insufficient numbers of samples were available from each day post-rash to determine the optimal sample collection time for IgM detection. Others have detected HHV-6 IgM in serum collected from ES patients on day 4 or 5 of the acute febrile phase and on day 1 relative to fever and rash by using IFA or NT (11,25,31). For comparison, IgM was detected in serum from 100% of children with measles virus infection by day 4 post-rash by using a highly sensitive IgM capture EIA with expressed measles virus nucleoprotein as antigen (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usually detectable within 7 days of infection, reaches maximum titers within 2 to 3 weeks, and then declines to undetectable levels by 3 months. IFA, EIA, and neutralization assays (NT) have been used to detect HHV-6 IgM (11,18,25,30). The NT requires approximately 1 week to complete.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Immunoblot Assay for Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibody to Human Herpesvirus 6

Lacroix

Stewart

Thouless

et al. 2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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We identified the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)-dominant immunoglobulin M (IgM)-reactive virion protein as being the same 101-kDa protein (101K) previously identified as the major IgG immunoreactive protein and a specific serologic marker of HHV-6 infection. An immunoblot assay (IB) to detect HHV-6-specific IgM antibodies against the 101K protein in human serum samples was developed. The assay was validated by using acute-and convalescent-phase serum collected from children under 2 years of age in which we previously detected IgG seroconversion to the HHV-6 101K protein. Of 32 serum pairs which previously demonstrated IgG seroconversion to the 101K protein, 29 had IgM reactivity to the same protein in the acute-phase sample and the remaining 3 had reactivity in the convalescent-phase sample. We also detected HHV-6 IgM activity in sera collected from individuals >4 years of age who were also IgM seropositive to measles or rubella. Results of cross-adsorption studies using measles virus-, rubella virus-, and HHV-6-infected cells as the adsorbing antigen indicated no cross-reactivity between measles or rubella IgM and HHV-6 IgM in human serum samples. The IgM IB detected HHV-6-specific IgM antibody to the 101K protein in 78% (63 of 81) of tested acute-phase serum collected from young children with an undifferentiated rash illness by using a single serum dilution.

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“…2,18,19 Virus-specific IgM antibodies usually appear during the second week of HHV-6 infection and persist for a period of 2-3 months, whereas IgG antibodies persist for longer or for life. 20,21 We observed one low avidity antibody value in a reference child but in none of the children with leukaemia, who all had a high IgG avidity. The dynamics of IgG avidity in HHV-6 infections are poorly known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%