Production of in-situ hard Ti/TiN composite surface layers on CP-Ti using reactive friction stir processing under nitrogen environment

Kashani-Bozorg, Seyed Farshid; Zarei-Hanzaki, A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.12.028

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In agreement with the previous studies [29,30], the second possible mechanism responsible for the hardening of FSSed CP-Ti is the dispersion hardening of ultra-hard TiN particles (2400-2800 HV [31]) as well as hard TiO 2 particles (∼ 1400 HV) [32]. Indeed, due to the significant increase in the temperature of the SZ of FSSed sample (Figure 5(a)) TiN particles (Figure 4(a)) with the EDS analysis shown in Figure 4(b) are thought to be formed in situ as a result of inward diffusion and subsequent reaction of surrounding atmosphere nitrogen atoms with the SZ Ti atoms.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Enhancing the tribological properties of pure Ti by pinless friction surface stirring

Ashoori,

Jafarzadegan,

Taghiabadi

et al. 2023

Materials Science and Technology

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Friction surface stirring (FSS) was employed to enhance the tribological properties of commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti). Applying FSS under the optimised process parameters (i.e. rotation and traverse speeds of 100 rpm and 8 mm/min, respectively) was found to increase the surface hardness of as-received CP-Ti from about 200–630 HV. The sliding wear resistance was therefore increased by 76, 76, and 85% under applied loads of 5, 10, and 20 N, respectively. The average friction coefficient (AFC) of CP-Ti also reduced considerably by the FSS. For instance, the AFC was reduced from 0.67 ± 0.07 and 1.04 ± 0.14 to about 0.33 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.04 at the applied loads of 5 and 20 N, respectively. The wear and friction mechanisms were also discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Enhancing the tribological properties of pure Ti by pinless friction surface stirring

Ashoori,

Jafarzadegan,

Taghiabadi

et al. 2023

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Separation of reinforcement from matrix and particle clustering are minimised using FSP. In addition, it is possible to synthesise in situ reinforcements; this was recently done by reactive friction stir processing through a reaction between the plasticised substrate and introduced solid (Zhang et al, 2012) or gas (Shamsipur et al, 2013). Chemical reactions between Al and suitable metal oxides have been used to produce in situ hybrid composites by the combination of FSP and thermite reaction (Chen et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;You et al, 2013;Azimi-Roeen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EBSD investigation of Al/(Al₁₃Fe₄+Al₂O₃) nanocomposites fabricated by mechanical milling and friction stir processing

Azimi-Roeen

Kashani-Bozorg

Nosko

et al. 2017

Journal of Microscopy

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The application of ball-milling for reactant powders (Fe O +Al) to form in situ nanosized reaction products in the stir zone of 1050 aluminium alloy was examined and the evolution of microstructure, grain boundaries and microtexture of the fabricated Al/(Al Fe +Al O ) nanocomposite was investigated. The mean matrix grain size of the fabricated nanocomposites by the combination of ball milling and friction stir processing were found to be ∼3.2, 3.1 and 2.1 μm for 1, 2 and 3 h milled powder mixtures, respectively. The fraction of high-angle grain boundaries increased markedly in the stir zone indicating the occurrence of dynamic restoration of the aluminium matrix. This was also associated with increasing of the fraction of low ∑CSL boundaries. In addition, the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries increased as the reaction product increased. The developed textures were compared with the most important deformation and recrystallisation texture components of cubic close packed structure. Some of the main texture components formed due to the restoration of aluminium in the stir zone of the material with no powder addition were Cube {001}<310>, BR {236}<385> and R (or retained S{123} <634>); these are usually found in the rolled materials. However, the presence of nanosized reaction products in the fabricated nanocomposite changed the texture components to the dominant Goss {011}<100>, P {011}<122> and R{124}<211> textures.

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“…Temperature of stirred zone inside the pure titanium during FSP was taken as 950 °C for the employed processing parameters [64,65], which is higher than the α to β phase transformation temperature (~882 °C) for pure titanium [66]. Therefore, high temperature severe plastic deformation of pure titanium during FSP was accomplished under the β-phase crystal structure.…”

Section: Inter-diffusion Coefficient and Boltzmann-matano Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial bonding mechanisms between aluminum and titanium during cold gas spraying followed by friction-stir modification

Khodabakhshi

Marzbanrad

Jahed

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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This paper closely evaluates the interfacial bonding mechanism between titanium particles deposited on an aluminum alloy substrate by cold gas spraying followed by friction-stir processing (FSP). After cold spraying and FSP modification, the produced Al/Ti interface was studied using focus ion beam-transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) analysis and auger electron spectroscopy. Formation of a well-bonded titanium aluminide reaction layer was observed at the interface with a thickness in the range of 10-20 nm and a coherent interface associated with an inter-diffusion distance of about 600 nm. The results of this study showed that the physical bonding phenomenon during cold spraying according to the wellknown adiabatic shear instability at the interface can be associated with chemical bonding and formation of an intermetallic layer at the interface during FSP modification. This is aided by the induced thermo-mechanical processing and deformation-assisted solid-state diffusionbased reactions. Also, these possible interfacial bonding and intermetallic layer formation mechanisms were discussed based on the inter-diffusion of elements at the Al/Ti interface based on the well-established Boltzmann-Matano theory and kinetics models correlated with experimental observations. The main findings of this research highlight the role of FSP on the performance of cold spray coatings as a post-processing technique to promote densification and homogenization during processing by promoting nano-scale interfacial mechanisms and chemical bonding at the interface.

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Production of in-situ hard Ti/TiN composite surface layers on CP-Ti using reactive friction stir processing under nitrogen environment

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Enhancing the tribological properties of pure Ti by pinless friction surface stirring

Enhancing the tribological properties of pure Ti by pinless friction surface stirring

EBSD investigation of Al/(Al₁₃Fe₄+Al₂O₃) nanocomposites fabricated by mechanical milling and friction stir processing

Interfacial bonding mechanisms between aluminum and titanium during cold gas spraying followed by friction-stir modification

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Production of in-situ hard Ti/TiN composite surface layers on CP-Ti using reactive friction stir processing under nitrogen environment

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Enhancing the tribological properties of pure Ti by pinless friction surface stirring

Enhancing the tribological properties of pure Ti by pinless friction surface stirring

EBSD investigation of Al/(Al13Fe4+Al2O3) nanocomposites fabricated by mechanical milling and friction stir processing

Interfacial bonding mechanisms between aluminum and titanium during cold gas spraying followed by friction-stir modification

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EBSD investigation of Al/(Al₁₃Fe₄+Al₂O₃) nanocomposites fabricated by mechanical milling and friction stir processing