Production of indole diterpenes by <i>Aspergillus alliaceus</i>

Junker, Beth; Walker, Alicia C.; Connors, Neal; Seeley, A.; Masurekar, Prakash; Hesse, Michelle

doi:10.1002/bit.21053

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“… Species Extrolites reported in literature Extrolites detected in this study Examined strains Aspergillus aflatoxiformans – Aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G1, G2, aflatrems, aflavarins, aflavinines, aspergillic acid, aspirochlorin, cyclopiazonic acid, kojic acid, paspaline, paspalinine, versicolorins, metabolite gfn (UV absorbtions 240 nm & 397 nm, RI 1148) DTO 228-G1, DTO 228-G2 T DTO 228-G3, DTO 228-G4 DTO 228-G5, DTO 228-G6, DTO 228-G7, DTO 228-H2, DTO 228-H3, DTO 228-H6, DTO 228-H7, CBS 133923, CBS 133924, CBS 133264, CBS 133265, CBS 133925, DTO 087-A2, CBS 121.62, DTO 010-H7 A. alliaceus Anominine ( Laakso et al., 1994 , Nozawa et al., 1994 ), asperlicin A-E ( Liesch et al., 1985 , Liesch et al., 1988 ), 7-O-demethyl-3,8′-bisiderin, 7-O-demethyl-6,6′-bisiderin ( Nozawa et al . 1994 ), 14-(N,N-dimethyl-L-leucinoxy)paspalinine, 14-hydroxypaspalinine ( Junker et al . 2006 ), isokotanins A-C ( Laakso et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Frisvad

Hubka

Ezekiel

et al. 2019

Studies in Mycology

420

387

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Aflatoxins and ochratoxins are among the most important mycotoxins of all and producers of both types of mycotoxins are present in Aspergillus section Flavi, albeit never in the same species. Some of the most efficient producers of aflatoxins and ochratoxins have not been described yet. Using a polyphasic approach combining phenotype, physiology, sequence and extrolite data, we describe here eight new species in section Flavi. Phylogenetically, section Flavi is split in eight clades and the section currently contains 33 species. Two species only produce aflatoxin B1 and B2 (A. pseudotamarii and A. togoensis), and 14 species are able to produce aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2: three newly described species A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis in addition to A. arachidicola, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. luteovirescens (formerly A. bombycis), A. nomius, A. novoparasiticus, A. parasiticus, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. sergii and A. transmontanensis. It is generally accepted that A. flavus is unable to produce type G aflatoxins, but here we report on Korean strains that also produce aflatoxin G1 and G2. One strain of A. bertholletius can produce the immediate aflatoxin precursor 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin, and one strain of Aspergillus sojae and two strains of Aspergillus alliaceus produced versicolorins. Strains of the domesticated forms of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, A. oryzae and A. sojae, respectively, lost their ability to produce aflatoxins, and from the remaining phylogenetically closely related species (belonging to the A. flavus-, A. tamarii-, A. bertholletius- and A. nomius-clades), only A. caelatus, A. subflavus and A. tamarii are unable to produce aflatoxins. With exception of A. togoensis in the A. coremiiformis-clade, all species in the phylogenetically more distant clades (A. alliaceus-, A. coremiiformis-, A. leporis- and A. avenaceus-clade) are unable to produce aflatoxins. Three out of the four species in the A. alliaceus-clade can produce the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: A. alliaceus s. str. and two new species described here as A. neoalliaceus and A. vandermerwei. Eight species produced the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid: A. bertholletius, A. caelatus, A. luteovirescens, A. nomius, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. pseudotamarii and A. tamarii while the related mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid was produced by 13 species: A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. bertholletius, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. oryzae, A. pipericola, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudotamarii, A. sergii and A. tamarii. Furthermore, A. hancockii produced speradine A, a compound related to cyclopiazonic acid. Selected A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. pipericola and A. sergii strains produced small sclerotia containing the mycotoxin aflatrem. Kojic acid has been found in all species in section Flavi, except A. avenaceus and A. coremiiformis. Only six species in the section did not produce any known mycotoxins: A. aspearensis, A. coremii...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Frisvad

Hubka

Ezekiel

et al. 2019

Studies in Mycology

420

387

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“…These correlations led to the sequence N , N ‐dimethyl‐Leu‐Phe‐Leu‐ N ‐methyl‐Ile‐Arg (Table 1, Figure S13). The incorporation of N , N ‐dimethyl‐Leu introduces an unusual adduct that is poorly described [44] . The stereochemistry was solely elucidated for the proteinogenic amino acids of 1 , which are L‐Phe as aa2, L–Leu as aa3 and L‐Arg as aa5 (Figure S14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma‐Derived Pentapeptides from the Infected Nest Mycobiome of the Subterranean Termite Coptotermes testaceus

et al. 2022

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Termites live in a dynamic environment where colony health is strongly influenced by surrounding microbes. However, little is known about the mycobiomes of lower termites and their nests, and how these change in response to disease. Here we compared the individual and nest mycobiomes of a healthy subterranean termite colony (Coptotermes testaceus) to one infected and ultimately eradicated by a fungal pathogen. We identified Trichoderma species in the materials of both nests, but they were also abundant in the infected termites. Meth-anolic extracts of Trichoderma sp. FHG000531, isolated from the infected nest, were screened for secondary metabolites by UHPLC-HR MS/MS-guided molecular networking. We identified many bioactive compounds with potential roles in the eradication of the infected colony, as well as a cluster of six unknown peptides. The novel peptide FE011 was isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The function of this novel peptide family as well as the role of Trichoderma species in dying termite colonies therefore requires further investigation.

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“…Using typical values for a and b of 0.5 [4], the fourfold increase in v s resulted in a fourfold reduction in P g /V L to achieve the same k L a. This suggested that scale up using constant aeration of 1 vvm (v s = 8.1 m/s vs. 1.7 cm/s, Table 1) likely lowered power demand at the 15,000 L working volume for broth of similar viscosity.…”

Section: Scale-up Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replacement of complex medium with defined medium improved titers of illicicolin produced by Gliocladium roseum [3]. Higher initial carbon and nitrogen levels, along with mid-cycle additions, increased titers and improved analog ratios for indole diterpenes produced by Aspergillus alliaceus [4]. Other pilot-scale efforts characterized the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO 2 ) levels, temperature, and pH on productivity and impurity levels for pneumocandin (B 0 ) production by Glarea lozoyensis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pilot-scale process development and scale up for antifungal production

Junker

Walker

Hesse

et al. 2008

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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A pilot-scale fermentation was developed for an antifungal compound produced by a filamentous fungus. Replacement of galactose with lactose (20-fold cost savings) and a threefold phosphate reduction (15 to 5 g/L) improved productivity 2.5-fold. Addition of supplements--glycine, cobalt chloride, and trace elements--resulted in a further twofold productivity increase, greater process robustness, and less foaming which reduced antifoam addition tenfold (30 to <3 mL/L). Mid-cycle lactose limitations were addressed by raising initial lactose levels (40 to 120 g/L) resulting in another twofold productivity increase. Overall, peak titers increased tenfold from 45 +/- 9 to 448 +/- 39 mg/L, and productivities improved from 3 to 25 mg/L day. Despite its high productivity, process scale up was challenged by high broth viscosity (5,000-6,000 cP at 16.8 s(-1)). Gassed power requirements at the 600 L scale (4.7 kW/1,000 L) exceeded available power at the 15,000 L scale (3.0 kW/1,000 L), and broth transfer to the downstream isolation facility was hindered. Mid-cycle broth dilution with up to five 10 vol% additions of 12 wt% lactose solution or whole medium-reduced viscosity three- to fivefold (1,000-1,500 cP at 16.8 s(-1)), gassed power within scale-up limits (2.5 kW/1,000 L), and peak titer by up to 45%. The process was scaled up to the 15,000 L working volume based on constant aeration rate (vvm) and peak impeller tip speed, raising superficial velocities at similar shear. This strategy maximized mass transfer rates at target gassed power per unit volume levels, and along with controlled broth viscosity, precluded multiple dilution additions. A final titer of 333 mg/L with one dilution addition was achieved, somewhat lower than expected, likely owing to inhibition from some unmeasured volatile compound (not believed to be carbon dioxide) during an extended period of high back-pressure in the early production phase.

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Production of indole diterpenes by Aspergillus alliaceus

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Trichoderma‐Derived Pentapeptides from the Infected Nest Mycobiome of the Subterranean Termite Coptotermes testaceus

Pilot-scale process development and scale up for antifungal production

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