Production of Intestinal Mucins, sIgA, and Metallothionein after Administration of Zinc and Infection of Ascaridia galli in Chickens: Preliminary Data

Levkut, M.; Levkutová, M.; Grešaková, Ľubomíra; Bobíková, Katarína; Révajová, Viera; Ševčíková, Zuzana; Herich, R.; Karaffová, Viera; Žitňan, R.; Levkut, M.

doi:10.3390/life13010067

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Organic Zn could enhance the expression of related transporters in the jejunum and ileum of broilers ( 37 ). Inorganic Zn was a suitable immunomodulator of intestinal immunity for Ascaridia galli -infected chickens ( 38 ). Food-grade ZnO nanoparticle exposure effects were associated with supporting intestinal development ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated evaluation of the requirements and excretions of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers via a uniform design method

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to determine the ideal balance profile of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers of 1–21 days of age via a uniform experimental design. In Experiment 1, 900 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 15 dietary treatments with six replicates of 10 birds. A total of 14 experimental diets were formulated with the supplementation of 8~16, 123~160, 40~80, and 60~120 mg/kg of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn, respectively, in the basal diet, according to the uniform design method. The excretion of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the manure and the broiler performance were determined to build the ideal balance profile of these elements. Experiment 2 was conducted based on the ideal balance profile built in Experiment 1, to test its practicability using 720 broilers with two treatments. The dietary concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the control group were 15.19, 203.08, 76.78, and 86.13 mg/kg, respectively. In Experiment 1, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the diets were 16.96, 166.66, 46.01, and 60.26 mg/kg, respectively, when the average daily gain reached the optimum value. When the dietary concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were 8.54, 130.66, 38.19, and 64.07 mg/kg, respectively, the total excretion of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn got the minimum value. There are corresponding ideal balance profiles for minimum excretion of a certain element. In Experiment 2, the dietary levels of Fe, Zn, and Mn were decreased by 17.93%, 40.08%, and 30.04%, respectively, which had no significant effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed gain for 1~21 day-old broilers but markedly decreased the excretion of Cu and Mn and total excretion. It was concluded that there is a dilemma between growth performance and mineral excretion. Although dietary levels of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn supporting optimal growth are higher than those for minimizing mineral excretion, supplementing too many trace elements in the diets of broilers is unnecessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated evaluation of the requirements and excretions of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers via a uniform design method

et al. 2023

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“…Macroscopically, infection is characterised by a thicker intestinal wall along with severe haemorrhagic patches, and oedema. Microscopically, the infection shows an accumulation of lymphoid cell populations mixed with eosinophils (Levkut et al, 2022) [20] . Haemorrhagic enteritis occurs when a large number of juvenile parasites invade and penetrate the mucosa of the duodenum or jejunum.…”

Section: Pathology and Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascariasis in poultry: A comprehensive review

Singh,

Gupta,

Patil

2023

Pharma Innovation

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Parasitic infections pose a significant challenge in poultry production. Ascaridia galli (Syn. A. lineata, A. perspicillum) is a nematode belonging to the phylum Nematoda that causes frequent infections along with significant morbidity and mortality in poultry birds, thereby leading to huge economic losses. A. galli has been detected in most of the species of poultry, including chickens, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl, and a wide variety of wild birds, with chicken being the main host. A. galli is commonly found in the small intestine of birds. Clinical symptoms include lack of appetite, ruffled feathers, weight loss, reduced egg production, anaemia, and diarrhoea, ultimately causing death. Upon post-mortem (PM) examination, partial or complete obstruction of the intestinal lumen alone or along with catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis is highly evident. Histopathologically, desquamation, hyperplasia of secretory cells and villous atrophy can occur. Treatment with suitable anthelmintics and good management practices are the key components for the treatment, prevention and control of this disease.

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“…The intestinal epithelium acts as a communication network for this gut‐dwelling nematode as it transmits signals to the immune systems (innate and acquired) in the underlying mucosa 24 . Macroscopically, A. galli infection includes a thickened intestinal wall with hemorrhagic spots along with edema and infiltration of lymphoid cells mixed with eosinophils 25 . Occasionally, ulcerative proventriculitis can also be detected in ascaridiasis 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 24 Macroscopically, A. galli infection includes a thickened intestinal wall with hemorrhagic spots along with edema and infiltration of lymphoid cells mixed with eosinophils. 25 Occasionally, ulcerative proventriculitis can also be detected in ascaridiasis. 26 The immunological consequences are the alteration in the number and activity of Th2 lymphocytes, Toll‐like receptor expression, the release of the endogenous damage‐associated molecular pattern (eDAMP) or alarmins, and immunomodulatory proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascaridia galli infection in chicken: Pathobiology and immunological orchestra

Shohana,

Rony,

Ali

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundAscaridia galli is the largest gut‐dwelling helminth of chickens, which confers adverse effects on meat and egg production; thus, on the animal protein supply and the economy. Both adult and immature parasites affect gut health, but larval stages play a major role in pathology.AimsHere, we present immunology and pathology of A. galli in chickens.Materials and MethodsLiteratures were surveyed through online platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate.ResultsThe larvae cause excessive mucus production, damage to the intestinal gland, hemorrhage, anemia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The adult worms can cause death by intestinal obstruction and intussusception. Although both cellular and humoral immunity are involved in fighting against ascariasis, the role of naturally acquired immunity is poorly defined. In cellular immunity, Th‐2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13), goblet cells (mucin), gut‐associated lymphoid tissues, CD8α+ intraepithelial cells, TCRγδ + T cells, and TGF‐β4 form a protective band. Type 2 immunity provides protection by forming a network of endogenous damage‐associated molecular patterns, chitin, and parasitic antigens. Among antibodies, IgY is the most prominent in chickens and provides temporary humoral protection. During parasitic infection, infiltration of various immune cells is evident, especially in the intestinal epithelium, lamina propria, and crypts of the duodenum and jejunum. In chickens older than 12 weeks, gradual reduction of worm burden is more successful than the younger birds. Female chickens exert a short‐lived but higher level of protection by passing IgY to chicks in the form of egg yolk antibodies. In laying conditions, immunity differs between breeds. This review provides an overview of the silent but inevitable pathological changes induced by A. galli and the interaction of host immunity with the parasite.

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Production of Intestinal Mucins, sIgA, and Metallothionein after Administration of Zinc and Infection of Ascaridia galli in Chickens: Preliminary Data

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Integrated evaluation of the requirements and excretions of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers via a uniform design method

Integrated evaluation of the requirements and excretions of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers via a uniform design method

Ascariasis in poultry: A comprehensive review

Ascaridia galli infection in chicken: Pathobiology and immunological orchestra

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