Production of Jatropha biodiesel fuel over sulfonic acid-based solid acids

Chen, Shih‐Yuan; Lao-ubol, Supranee; Mochizuki, Takehisa; Abe, Yohko; Toba, Makoto; Yoshimura, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.097

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mesoporous silica materials [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] have not only proved their utilities as heterogeneous catalysts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] for promoting various organic transformations, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] but also nd interesting applications 38,39 in other research elds such as food chemistry, 40 production of bio-mass derived chemicals, [41][42][43][44][45] petrochemisry, 46-48 sensors, waste treatment, 49,50 optical materials and carriers. One of the most important advances in this eld is developing hybrid systems through functionalization of mesoporous silica materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances in the utility of functionalized SBA mesoporous silica for developing encapsulated nanocatalysts: state of the art

Sadjadi

Heravi

2017

RSC Adv.

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The cavities of SBA mesoporous silica materials can be used as nanoreactors for embedding catalytic species such as nanoparticles, complexes and heteropolyacids etc. The encapsulated catalysts are renowned as superior catalytic systems regarding their catalytic activity, selectivity and reusability as well as suppressed leaching. An efficient method to improve the encapsulation of these catalysts, is in creating anchors for capturing catalytic species. It has been performed by functionalization of the surface of SBA mesoporous silica materials with various groups including sulfur, phosphorus and aminebased functional groups. The aim of this article is to review the recent advances (2014)(2015)(2016)(2017) in the field of the utility of functionalized SBA for developing encapsulated catalysts. In most cases the reusability of the catalyst and the leaching of the catalytic active species were discussed to disclose the role of functionalized SBA in heterogenizing and suppressing the leaching. Moreover, to show the superiority of these developed encapsulated catalysts, with a couple of examples we compared their catalytic activities with those of the conventional ones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances in the utility of functionalized SBA mesoporous silica for developing encapsulated nanocatalysts: state of the art

Sadjadi

Heravi

2017

RSC Adv.

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“…All experiments were performed on a model system of a 1:1 mixture of OA and water. Excluding methanol and ethanol, which have already been extensively reported on . 1‐(or n ‐) propanol produced the corresponding 1‐propyl oleate in 84% yield.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of water and lipophilic alcohols or amines on the 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid‐catalyzed esterifications, trans‐esterifications, and amidations

Wallis

Cerny

Lacroux

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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4‐Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) was employed in the esterification of oleic acid (OA) and the trans‐esterification of oleic oil (OO) with 1‐butanol as alcohol in the presence of various degrees of excess water. Under these conditions DBSA was found to be a highly active esterification catalyst regardless of excess water content, but was found to be a less effective for trans‐esterification reactions. Lipophilic alcohols of differing straight and branched C3‐6 chains were also tested on mixtures of OA/water (1:1) in DBSA‐catalyzed esterifications; OO/water (1:1) in trans‐esterifications; and OA/OO/water (1:1:1) in simultaneous esterifications and trans‐esterifications. While longer straight chain alcohols generally gave a two‐fold increase in yield of their corresponding alkyl oleates to 80%+, we observed a doubling from 30–50% to 60–95% of alkyl oleate yield for the OO/OA/water mixture. DBSA‐catalyzed amidations of OO and methyl oleate emulsions in water were conducted with 1‐butyl and 1‐heptyl amine where it was found that the more lipophilic the ester moiety the higher the yield of alkyl amide. Practical applications: The practical advantages of DBSA as catalyst are high conversions to the desired product along with its tolerance to high quantities of water, emulsified within the lipid material. A capacity to transform a range of substrates with varying lipophilic character in a range of condensation reactions. In addition, we demonstrate that esterification and trans‐esterification reactions could be performed simultaneous and in the presence of high quantities of water. This is of direct interest to the transformation of waste sources of lipids that often contain a mixture of triglycerides and free fatty acids in various concentrations, emulsified with waste water. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all of the value‐added products/co‐products can be separated by an effective and industrially relevant methodology, including recovery of the DBSA catalyst as well as the water and water soluble co‐products, such as glycerol. A 4‐Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) is demonstrated to be an effective polyvalent catalyst for the recovery of aqueous emulsified lipids by conversion into value‐added products. DBSA proved to be a polyvalent catalyst showing high activity using a range of substrates, performing esterification, trans‐esterification, and amidations reactions efficiently despite the potential detrimental presence of high water loadings. The commercial incentive of our system is the phase separation of the product mixture into the converted lipids for use as biofuels and glycerol for resale as a fine chemical.

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“…The transesterification of crude Jatropha oil with methanol over sulfonic acid-functionalized platelet SBA-15 mesoporous silica in both batch-type and fixed-bed reaction systems was examined [81]. It showed higher activity and resistances to water and free fatty acid than commercial sulfonic resins of Amberlyst-15 and SAC-13.…”

Section: Page 13 Of 79mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-Pr-SO3H) as solid acid catalyst in organic reactions

Ziarani

Lashgari

Badiei

2015

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

151

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Production of Jatropha biodiesel fuel over sulfonic acid-based solid acids

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Current advances in the utility of functionalized SBA mesoporous silica for developing encapsulated nanocatalysts: state of the art

Current advances in the utility of functionalized SBA mesoporous silica for developing encapsulated nanocatalysts: state of the art

Effect of water and lipophilic alcohols or amines on the 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid‐catalyzed esterifications, trans‐esterifications, and amidations

Sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-Pr-SO3H) as solid acid catalyst in organic reactions

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