Production of micro- and mesoporous activated carbon from paper mill sludge

Khalili, Nasrin R.; Campbell, Marta; Sandı́, Giselle; Gołaś, Janusz

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00043-9

Cited by 280 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is possible to modify the hard precursor by means of physical activators (e.g. CO 2 ) [20] or chemically, with ie, KOH [21][22][23] or ZnCl 2 [24][25][26][27][28] after pre-carbonization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

2018

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Nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbons with the use of colloidal silica spheres of (14 nm) and chitosan as a carbon precursor were obtained. A removal of such small template particles from carbonized silica-chitosan composite is difficult and HF with a minimum concentration of 15 wt% should be used. By varying the silica-to-chitosan ratio, the porous characteristic of products is controlled. The modification by ZnCl 2 with a molar Zn-to-C (in chitosan mass) ratio of '6' results in the development of microporosity; however it is accompanied by a significant reduction of mesopore volume (V mes ). The addition of ZnCl 2 in a ratio of '5.25' and pH adjustment to 5.8 increase the volumes of micropores, small mesopores, BET surface area to 1975 m 2 /g, and preserve V mes of 4.15 cm 3 /g. The novelty of the presented strategy is the creation of microporosity in the hard-templated materials by incorporating ZnCl 2 into the mixture of Ludox HS-40 template and chitosan precursor, as well as the investigation on how the pH of synthesis influences the final porosity. The pH of a silica-chitosan-zinc solution, equal to 3.9, provides some coordination of Zn 2+ by -OH and -NH 2 groups, whereas pH adjustment to 5.8 results in the precipitation of a new template-Zn(OH) 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

2018

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“…Activated carbons are generally produced by either chemical or physical activating from various carbonaceous raw materials such as wood, peat, coal, lignite and wastes of vegetable (e.g. grape seeds, palm-tree cobs, nutshells and fruit stones) [8,9,10]. At first stage, in the chemical activation, a solution containing a dehydrating agent (e.g., KOH, H 2 SO 4 ) is impregnated to the raw agricultural materials to retard the formation of tars during the carbonization process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS OPTIMIZATION ON THE ADSORPTION OF Ni2+ FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ON THE ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED KOH IMPREGNATED HAZELNUT SHELLS

Şayan¹,

Ingeç²

2017

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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The optimization of the adsorption of Ni 2+ from aqueous solutions was investigated by ultrasound-assisted preparation of activated carbon from alkaline impregnated hazelnut shells. To investigate the effects of independent variables such as particle size, ultrasonic power density, impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time on the adsorption of Ni 2+ from aqueous solutions, the experiments were designed by using the fractional factorial and central composite design method. Furthermore, the results were modelled statistically and optimized by using constrained optimization technic by means of the Matlab. The ultrasonic irradiation used for the alkaline impregnation into hazelnut shells was found to be beneficial for preparation of activated carbon for use as adsorbents to remove Ni 2+ from aqueous solutions.

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“…These precursors include: coconut shell and wood (Laine et al, 1989), Olive stones (Rodrigues-Reinoso et al, 2001, Lafi 2001, Elsheikh et al, 2003, sugarcane bagasse (Ahmedna et al, 2000), pecan shells (Shawabkeh et al, 1998), palm seed (Rengaraj et al, 2002), apple pulp , rubber seeds (Rengarag et al, 1996) and molasses (Legrouri et al, 2005). Furthermore, more interest has been devoted to utilize some wastes of carbonaceous materials such as paper mill sludge (Khalili et al, 2000), old newspaper (Okada et al, 2003) and waste tires (Rozada et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of granular activated carbon from activated sludge

Al-Qodah

Shawabkah

2009

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

198

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-In this study, activated sludge was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbon using sulfuric acid as a chemical activation agent. The effect of preparation conditions on the produced activated carbon characteristics as an adsorbent was investigated. The results indicate that the produced activated carbon has a highly porous structure and a specific surface area of 580 m 2 /g. The FT-IR analysis depicts the presence of a variety of functional groups which explain its improved adsorption behavior against pesticides. The XRD analysis reveals that the produced activated carbon has low content of inorganic constituents compared with the precursor. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to three adsorption isotherm models and found to closely fit the BET model with R 2 equal 0.948 at pH 3, indicating a multilayer of pesticide adsorption. The maximum loading capacity of the produced activated carbon was 110 mg pesticides/g adsorbent and was obtained at this pH value. This maximum loading was found experimentally to steeply decrease as the solution pH increases. The obtained results show that activated sludge is a promising low cost precursor for the production of activated carbon.

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Production of micro- and mesoporous activated carbon from paper mill sludge

Cited by 280 publications

References 20 publications

Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS OPTIMIZATION ON THE ADSORPTION OF Ni2+ FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ON THE ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED KOH IMPREGNATED HAZELNUT SHELLS

Production and characterization of granular activated carbon from activated sludge

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