Production of modified clays and their use in polypropylene‐based nanocomposites

Abstract

The use of modified bentonite as a reinforcement in polypropylene (PP)/organoclay/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) nanocomposites was investigated. The modified bentonites (organoclays) were prepared from raw (unpurified) bentonite (RB) and two quaternary ammonium salts with long alkyl tails: hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide [HDA][Br] and tetrakisdecyl ammonium bromide [TKA] [Br]. The ternary composites were produced by using a corotating twin screw extruder, followed by injection molding, and they exhibited microcomposite structure as observed by XRD. In order to observe the effects of purification of the bentonite, purified bentonite (PB) was obtained through sedimentation of raw bentonite, and later modified with two quaternary ammonium salts: dimethyl dioctadecylammonium chloride [DMDA][Cl] and [TKA] [Br], and one quaternary phosphonium salt: tributyl hexadecyl phosphonium bromide [TBHP] [Br]. Ternary nanocomposites (PP/organoclay/MAPP) with these organoclays were produced by using a corotating twin screw extruder, followed by batch mixing in an intensive batch mixer, and by injection molding. The use of [DMDA][Cl] and [TBHP][Br] resulted in nanocomposite formation, whereas the use of [TKA][Br] resulted in microcomposite formation as observed by XRD and TEM. Young's modulus of PP was increased by 30% with DMDA and 9% with TBHP. The yield strength of PP was increased by 15% with DMDA and 8.3% with TBHP.

Properties of polymer composites based on bisphenolAepoxy resins with original/modified steel slag

“…The solution of 0.1 N AgNO 3 was used to test whether the paste contains the chloride ion or not. Lastly, the wet paste was dried for one day at 100°C in an oven, and then the dried paste was ground in the mortar .…”

Polyethylene Wax Modified by Organoclay Bentonite Used in the Lost-Wax Casting Process: Processing−Structure−Property Relationships

“…Bentonite is also often applied as a filler for both thermoplastic, thermoset polymer composites, and elastomers [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Since bentonite is hydrophilic, it is often not compatible with most polymers and can be chemically modified to render its surface to be more hydrophobic [33,35].…”

“…Since bentonite is hydrophilic, it is often not compatible with most polymers and can be chemically modified to render its surface to be more hydrophobic [33,35]. Additionally, chemical modification of bentonite becomes necessary to increase the polarity of the polymer matrix by grafting polar groups [36]. The improvement of the interfacial bonding between the hydrophilic fillers and the hydrophobic polypropylene matrix has also been an essential issue in the research field because the interfacial adhesion between the filler and polypropylene plays an important role in determining the properties of composites.…”

A complex based on imidazole ionic liquid and copolymer of acrylamide and phenoxyacetamide modification for clay stabilizer

“…It has been known that most of the formations faced in petroleum exploitation are shale formations . Clay minerals, as a major mineral of shale formations, may occur hydration, swelling and further migration when contacted with the external liquid, which is the main factor causing formation permeability damages and downhole accidents . At present, using clay stabilizers has become one of the most common methods to prevent or weaken the hydration …”

“…In addition, it was reported that ionic liquid (trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate) was inserted into montmorillonite (MMT), as a catalyst, and could be used under high temperature (up to 150°C), which might signify that ionic liquid may be a promising small molecule for combing with polymer because of its capability to embed clay layers . And Sandra L. detailed the evaluation of two ionic liquids as KCl substitutes . Nevertheless, polymer combining with ionic liquid, hasn't been reported as clay stabilizers in oil field chemicals so far.…”