Production of Nannochloris spec. (Chlorophyceae) in large-scale outdoor tanks and its use as a food organism in marine aquaculture

Witt, U.; Koske, P.H.; Kuhlmann, D.; Lenz, Jürgen; Nellen, Walter

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(81)90012-0

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Indeed, fish metabolism and thus CO 2 production are proportional to food intake. Witt et al (1981) showed that optimum salinity for Nannochloris sp. (now renamed within the Chlorella genus) growth ranged from 10 to 20.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated fish–plankton aquaculture system in brackish water

Gilles

Fargier

Lazzaro³

et al. 2013

Animal

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Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture takes advantage of the mutualism between some detritivorous fish and phytoplankton. The fish recycle nutrients by consuming live (and dead) algae and provide the inorganic carbon to fuel the growth of live algae. In the meanwhile, algae purify the water and generate the oxygen required by fishes. Such mechanism stabilizes the functioning of an artificially recycling ecosystem, as exemplified by combining the euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and the unicellular alga Chlorella sp. Feed addition in this ecosystem results in faster fish growth but also in an increase in phytoplankton biomass, which must be limited. In the prototype described here, the algal population control is exerted by herbivorous zooplankton growing in a separate pond connected in parallel to the fish-algae ecosystem. The zooplankton production is then consumed by tilapia, particularly by the fry and juveniles, when water is returned to the main circuit. Chlorella sp. and Brachionus plicatilis are two planktonic species that have spontaneously colonized the brackish water of the prototype, which was set-up in Senegal along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline. In our system, water was entirely recycled and only evaporation was compensated (1.5% volume/day). Sediment, which accumulated in the zooplankton pond, was the only trophic cul-de-sac. The system was temporarily destabilized following an accidental rotifer invasion in the main circuit. This caused Chlorella disappearance and replacement by opportunist algae, not consumed by Brachionus. Following the entire consumption of the Brachionus population by tilapias, Chlorella predominated again. Our artificial ecosystem combining S. m. heudelotii, Chlorella and B. plicatilis thus appeared to be resilient. This farming system was operated over one year with a fish productivity of 1.85 kg/m 2 per year during the cold season

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated fish–plankton aquaculture system in brackish water

Gilles

Fargier

Lazzaro³

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…The mineralization level of the water in Amazonian rivers is very low (Ca + + : 4.9 mg/l, Mg + + : 1.1 mg/l, Na + : 2.3 mg/l, K + : 0.85 mg/l, Cl − : 1.3 mg/l) (Moquet et al, 2011) and also in Amazonian ground water, whose Ca + + concentration is below 20 μg/l (Brinkmann and Dos Santos, 1973). In Senegal high hardness (Ca + Mg, 69 mg/l) and medium salinity (15 g/l NaCl) favored the bloom of Chlorella (Witt et al, 1981;Makarevičienė et al, 2011;Gilles et al, 2013). So the low level of mineral nutrients available in Amazonian waters Fish-plankton aquaculture system in fresh water appears to be the reason why the phytoplankton concentration remained low in the prototype discussed here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…pH, CaCO 3 concentration, eutrophication level), while phytoplankton diversity is lower in brackish-water environments. In this regard, in brackish water it seems to be more appropriate to select the small green algae of the genus Chlorella (Witt et al, 1981), which are the most suitable for this kind of rearing system because of their high purification and growthrate efficiency (Neori et al, 2004;Gilles et al, 2008). Moreover, high levels of dissolved inorganic carbon stimulate spontaneous Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated closed system for fish-plankton aquaculture in Amazonian fresh water

Gilles

Ismiño

Sánchez

et al. 2014

Animal

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A prototype of an integrated closed system for fish-plankton aquaculture was developed in Iquitos (Peruvian Amazonia) in order to cultivate the Tiger Catfish, Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855). This freshwater recirculating system consisted of two linked sewage tanks with an intensive rearing unit (a cage) for P. punctifer placed in the first, and with a fish-plankton trophic chain replacing the filters commonly used in clear water closed systems. Detritivorous and zooplanktivorous fishes (Loricariidae and Cichlidae), maintained without external feeding in the sewage volume, mineralized organic matter and permitted the stabilization of the phytoplankton biomass. Water exchange and organic waste discharge were not necessary. In this paper we describe the processes undertaken to equilibrate this ecosystem: first the elimination of an un-adapted spiny alga, Golenkinia sp., whose proliferation was favored by the presence of a small rotifer, Trichocerca sp., and second the control of this rotifer proliferation via the introduction of two cichlid species, Acaronia nassa Heckel, 1840 and Satanoperca jurupari Heckel, 1840, in the sewage part. This favored some development of the green algae Nannochloris sp. and Chlorella sp. At that time we took the opportunity to begin a 3-month rearing test of P. punctifer. The mean specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of P. punctifer were 1.43 and 1.27, respectively, and the global FCR, including fish in the sewage part, was 1.08. This system has proven to be suitable for growing P. punctifer juveniles out to adult, and provides several practical advantages compared with traditional recirculating clear water systems, which use a combination of mechanical and biological filters and require periodic waste removal, leading to water and organic matter losses.

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“…Microalgae, including Nannochloropsis, Dunaliella, Tetraselmis and enriched freshwater Chlorella are commonly used foods in the mass culture of rotifers (Witt et al, 1981). Of these, Tetraselmis is well known among aquaculturists as a good food for rotifer and copepod cultures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Strategies of the Rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis for Coexisting with the Copepod Apocyclops borneoensis in Laboratory Culture

Jung¹

2012

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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Interspecific relationship between a euryhaline rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and a cyclopoid copepod Apocyclops borneoensis was investigated in the laboratory culture. In a mixed culture of B. rotundiformis and A. borneoensis, population growth of B. rotundiformis was suppressed from day 10, while growth in a monoculture population continuously increased throughout the experimental period. However, the population growth of A. borneoensis in the mixed culture did not markedly differ from that in a monoculture population. Suppression of B. rotundiformis growth coincided with a decrease in the numbers of both non-eggbearing and egg-bearing females, and increasing resting egg formation. Growth of A. borneoensis was not affected by the presence of the rotifer. However, relative growth index of ovisac bearing females in the mixed culture was 1.62 times higher than that in the monoculture. Presence of the copepod did not greatly reduce the food available to the rotifer population. The rotifer B. rotundiformis responded in a unique way, to stresses such as physical damage (filtering by A. borneoensis) with the production of many resting eggs to increase its chances of survival.

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Production of Nannochloris spec. (Chlorophyceae) in large-scale outdoor tanks and its use as a food organism in marine aquaculture

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

An integrated fish–plankton aquaculture system in brackish water

An integrated fish–plankton aquaculture system in brackish water

An integrated closed system for fish-plankton aquaculture in Amazonian fresh water

Survival Strategies of the Rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis for Coexisting with the Copepod Apocyclops borneoensis in Laboratory Culture

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