Production of Nano Hydroxyapatite and Mg-Whitlockite from Biowaste-Derived products via Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Synthesis: A Step towards Circular Economy

Nigar, Farah; Johnston, Amy-Louise; Smith, Jacob; Oakley, William S.; Islam, Md Towhidul; Felfel, Reda M.; Grant, David M.; Lester, Edward; Ahmed, Ifty

doi:10.3390/ma16062138

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…However, it should be noted that DCPA stability is modulated in the presence of Mg 2+ ions [28]. The appearance of the Mg-WH formation under magnesium-rich and mildly acidic and magnesium-rich pH conditions confirms the critical influence exerted by Mg 2+ ions on the stability of DCPA [28]. This influence establishes the requisite conditions for the successful realization of the Mg-WH phase from gypsum via the DCPA phase within the synthesis parameters implemented in our study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…DCPA is known to be the most stable CP phase in solutions with a pH less than 5 [27]. However, it should be noted that DCPA stability is modulated in the presence of Mg 2+ ions [28]. The appearance of the Mg-WH formation under magnesium-rich and mildly acidic and magnesium-rich pH conditions confirms the critical influence exerted by Mg 2+ ions on the stability of DCPA [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Large-Scale Green Synthesis of Magnesium Whitlockite from Environmentally Benign Precursor

Raiseliene,

Linkaite,

Zarkov

et al. 2024

Materials

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Magnesium whitlockite (Mg-WH) powders were synthesized with remarkable efficiency via the dissolution–precipitation method by employing an environmentally benign precursor, gypsum. Under optimized conditions, each 5.00 g of initial gypsum yielded an impressive amount of 3.00 g (89% yield) of Mg-WH in a single batch. Remarkably, no XRD peaks attributable to impurity phases were observed, indicating the single-phase nature of the sample. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of the PO43− and HPO42− groups in the obtained Mg-WH phase. The SEM-EDX results confirmed that Mg-WH crystals with homogeneous Ca, Mg, P, and O distributions were obtained. In previously published research papers, the synthesis of Mg-WH has been consistently described as a highly intricate process due to material formation within a narrow pH and temperature range. Our proposed synthesis method is particularly compelling as it eliminates the need for meticulous monitoring, presenting a notable improvement in the quest for a more convenient and efficient Mg-WH synthesis. The proposed procedure not only emphasizes the effectiveness of the process, but also highlights its potential to meet significant demands, providing a reliable solution for large-scale production needs in various promising applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Large-Scale Green Synthesis of Magnesium Whitlockite from Environmentally Benign Precursor

Raiseliene,

Linkaite,

Zarkov

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…The sample with the highest magnesium content (5%) exhibits the largest percentage of these platelets and the least number of rods. Whitlockite synthesis was explained by Macha et al [63], and the addition of magnesium to hydroxyapatite was observed to alter particle size in a study presented by Nigar et al, intriguingly, at a higher temperature (i.e., 350 • C) in this system, a tubular morphology of HA and rhombohedral-shaped Mg-WH particles were seen [64].…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 68%

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Treatment of Multifunctional Substituted Hydroxyapatite with Prospective Applications in Bone Regeneration

Burdușel

Neacșu

Bîrcă

et al. 2023

JFB

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Orthopedic bone graft infections are major complications in today’s medicine, and the demand for antibacterial treatments is expanding because of the spread of antibiotic resistance. Various compositions of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in which Calcium (Ca2+) ions are substituted with Cerium (Ce3+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) are herein proposed as biomaterials for hard tissue implants. This approach gained popularity in recent years and, in the pursuit of mimicking the natural bone mineral’s composition, over 70 elements of the Periodic Table were already reported as substituents into HAp structure. The current study aimed to create materials based on HAp, Hap-Ce, and Hap-Mg using hydrothermal maturation in the microwave field. This route has been considered a novel, promising, and effective way to obtain monodisperse, fine nanoparticles while easily controlling the synthesis parameters. The synthesized HAp powders were characterized morphologically and structurally by XRD diffraction, Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, FTIR spectrometry, and SEM analysis. Proliferation and morphological analysis on osteoblast cell cultures were used to demonstrate the cytocompatibility of the produced biomaterials. The antimicrobial effect was highlighted in the synthesized samples, especially for hydroxyapatite substituted with cerium. Therefore, the samples of HAp substituted with cerium or magnesium are proposed as biomaterials with enhanced osseointegration, also having the capacity to reduce device-associated infections.

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“…It was shown earlier that the use of supercritical water in a one-stage continuous hydrothermal process can be implemented for the synthesis of HAp nanorods. , For instance, in ref , HAp nanorods with sizes of 65 × 15 or 140 × 40 nm were produced depending on the selected temperature regime. In the present study, a similar reactor design with the addition of a second mixing stage is used .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Synthesis of Size-Tunable Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Potential Nanofertilizers

Burve,

Loeschner,

Omura Lund

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material with various applications. To meet the demand for industrial use of this material, a rapid and upscalable process for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was developed using an in-house developed two-stage continuous flow hydrothermal reactor. In the framework of this study, phase pure and highly crystalline 30 to 115 nm long hydroxyapatite nanorods were produced for potential use as nanofertilizers. The phase composition of the nanorods was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Particle size and shape were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the Ca:P ratio. It was shown that the use of a second mixing stage allows the particle length to be decreased down to 30 nm without compromising on crystallinity. In addition to using different mixing stages, adjusting the pH and controlling the flow speed allow wide range size tuning of the produced particles. The experimental setup allows for continuous synthesis of phase pure and highly crystalline hydroxyapatite nanorods, ensuring the reproducibility and scalability of the process. Dispersive behavior and dissolution in citrate buffer at a hydroponic pH of 5.5 were studied to evaluate further possibilities of applying produced NPs on the plants.

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Production of Nano Hydroxyapatite and Mg-Whitlockite from Biowaste-Derived products via Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Synthesis: A Step towards Circular Economy

Cited by 5 publications

References 108 publications

Large-Scale Green Synthesis of Magnesium Whitlockite from Environmentally Benign Precursor

Large-Scale Green Synthesis of Magnesium Whitlockite from Environmentally Benign Precursor

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Treatment of Multifunctional Substituted Hydroxyapatite with Prospective Applications in Bone Regeneration

Scalable Synthesis of Size-Tunable Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Potential Nanofertilizers

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