Production of Oil Palm Sex Inflorescense and Its Response on the Treatment of Plant Exogenous Hormone Treatment Under Drought Condition

Abstract

To determining effects of drought on the oil palm sex inflorescene and its response on plant hormone treatmet under drought condition. Then it was carried out the serial treatment at indonesian oil palm research institute (IOPRI) field area trial in Pulau Maria, Asahan District, North Sumatra during 4 year (2013 until midle of 2016). These area having flat topography class with sandy loam texture of typic paleudult soil type and suffering frequently of 200- 460 mm water deficit per year. The trial were undertaken on oil palm tenera's type with 8 years old (planted in 2005). The trial including, 4 kind of phytohormone plus the control treatment, which treated on plant with several of dose and frequency. The phytohormone were IAA (auxsin, Indole-3-acetic acid), BAP (citokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine), GA_3 (gibberelline, gibberellic acid), dan ABA (absisic acid). The dose of each of these kind of hormone were 100, 300, dan 500 ppm, with frequenscy application once and twice per year. The trial design following randomized block design with 3 replicated. Individual unit treatment was the indivduplant. The variable that observed were female, male, and aborted inflorescence; number of frond production; and vegetative growth (height of plant and length of rachis frond). Analysis effect the drought on oil palm sex inflorescene were done by correlation analysis between rainfall and water deficit with inflorescene production. The result shown drought period decline of female inflorescense, and increasing male and aborted inflorescense. Auxin (IAA) treatment, induced vegetatif growth, but contrarily, declining female inflorescense production and increasing male and aborted inflorescense. Gibberelline (GA_3) treatment, decreasing commonly female inflorescense production, and increasing male and aborted inflorescense, mainly in the certain peak of drought periods. Citokinin (ABA) and absicic asid (ABA), tend tokeep female inflorescense production in drought condition, in a way reducing number of aborted inflorescense. Citokinin (BAP), was dominantly plant hormone to keep female inflorescense production.

Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat TM-1 Dengan Pemberian Kombinasi Pupuk Anorganik-Organik dan Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson Sebagai Tanaman Penutup Tanah

“…Pada perlakuan TPT, jumlah bunga betina terbanyak diperoleh pada perlakuan T1 (A. gangetica), yaitu sebanyak 13.22 buah dan terendah pada perlakuan T0 (tanpa TPT), yaitu sebanyak 15,58 buah, sedangkan jumlah bunga jantan terbanyak diperoleh pada perlakuan T0 (tanpa TPT), yaitu sebanyak 2.50 buah dan terendah pada perlakuan T1 (A. gangetica), yaitu sebanyak 1.67 buah. Harahap et al (2017) menyatakan bahwa, pembentukan jenis kelamin bunga kelapa sawit sangat dipengaruhi oleh cekaman kekeringan, dimana pada lahan yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan akan banyak terbentuk bunga jantan dibandingkan dengan bunga betina. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya TPT A. gangetica di sekitar piringan kelapa sawit mampu mempertahankan ketersediaan air untuk pembentukan bunga betina sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Ariyanti et al (2017)…”

The effect of water deficit on inflorescence period at palm oil productivity on peatland

“…Drought stress analysis is carried out by calculating water deficit, using variable climate components, namely rainfall, rainy days, and evapotranspiration [25]. The annual water deficits are calculated following [21] based on the method of the Institut de Recherches pour les Huiles et Oléagineux (IRHO) with Equation 1.…”

“…Floral abortion is the phase between sex determination and anthesis, which generally occurs 4 -6 months before anthesis [21,22,23,7,24]. There are at least four types of factors that may participate in sex determination, namely 1) abiotic factors (e.g., water deficit), 2) metabolic factors (e.g., carbon stock), 3) hormone status and 4) genetic factors [25].…”

The Reforestation through Oil Palm Plantation in Sumatra Island

“…Oil palm plantations on peatlands also reduce greenhouse gas emissions [9], [10], [14]. In terms of the hydrological design of hydrological indicators such as evapotranspiration, groundwater reserves, on-ground rainfall, infiltration of solum and air humidity [7], [15] between oil palm plantations and forests are relatively similar.…”