Production of Organic Surface Films by the Action of Electrons, Ultraviolet Radiation, and the Glow Discharge

Abstract

The effect of an applied linear electric field on the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of Mn2+ (3d5 : 6S) in La2Mg,(N0,),,.24H20 has been observed by the electron spin echo technique combined with a pulsed electric field. The result is expressed as a shift in the zero-field splitting parameter D which is given by AD,,&E, = 2.8 f 0 3 kHz per kV cm-', where E, is the external electric field. A theoretical interpretation of this shift has been made in the limit of ionic bonding working in a relativistic scheme and taking into account configuration interaction between the 3d5 ground configuration and the excited configurations 3d4n'l' (1' = 1,3; n' = 4, . . . ,8) and 3p53d6. The calculated value of this shiR is one fifth of the observed value. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

Mechanisms of Plasma Polymerization – Reviewed from a Chemical Point of View

“…“Polymer” growth is favoured in an adsorbed layer, because low‐pressure conditions imply long mean free paths and low collision rates (Figure 3). 30, 36, 90–94 However, it was found that with rising pressure (>133 Pa), powder formation occurs and the “polymer” formation is located in the gas phase (Figure 3). 16, 29, 95–98…”

“…Crystalline and supermolecular structures (spherulites, rods, lamellae, etc.) are generally absent in plasma polymers 14, 36, 102. However, formation of linear molecules and oligomers, such as biphenyl, diphenylether, or diacetylene, has frequently been reported 24, 25, 103.…”

“…Compositions and structures of plasma polymers were investigated by bulk‐ and surface‐analytical methods. Bulk methods used were IR transmission spectroscopy,7, 41 dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS),40, 99, 100, 130, 131 electron spin resonance (ESR),13–136 thermo‐luminescence (TL),137, 138 thermo‐gravimetry (TG),13, 139, 140 1 H‐ and broadline NMR 42, 135. All results of bulk analyses reflect the total absence of structural and compositional regularity in plasma polymers, regardless of whether they are produced by cw‐ or pulsed plasma.…”

“…In 1960–1970s, extensive and also controversial discussions about polymerization mechanisms were continued, namely radical versus ionic versus chemical chain growth, ion‐molecule, fragmentation–recombination, together with reaction kinetics 11, 13, 14, 20, 33–36. Recently, this debate was revitalized in this journal through commentaries by Short, Hegemann, and d'Agostino et al37, 38…”

Continuous Low-Temperature Discharge Treatment of Wool Yarn A Process for Making Wool Yarn Oil Repellent and Shrink Resistant

“…It is also a fairly intense source of uv and visible radiation. All of these processes are capable of initiating free radical reactions and all have been used to poly-merize organic monomers to form organic films [6,9]. Mechanisms for the formation of free radicals and their polymerization by the interaction of electrons, atoms, excited atoms, ions, and radiation with organic molecules are discussed in those references.…”