Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by Schizochytrium (Aurantiochytrium) spp.

Chi, Guoxiang; Xu, Yiyuan; Cao, Xingyu; Li, Zhipeng; Cao, Mingfeng; Chisti, Yusuf; He, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107897

Cited by 64 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic protists found in diverse aquatic habitats [ 1 ]. Certain marine thraustochytrids are of interest as they produce nutritionally important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain marine thraustochytrids are of interest as they produce nutritionally important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). This, in combination with the high levels of total lipids in their biomass, makes them particularly attractive for use in aquaculture feeds and as sources of PUFA for human nutrition [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Carotenoids and Phospholipids by Thraustochytrium sp. in Batch and Repeated-Batch Culture

et al. 2022

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The carotenogenic thraustochytrid Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16 was grown in batch and repeated-batch cultures using different feeds containing glucose, or glycerol, and yeast extract, for the production of lipids, phospholipids and carotenoids. RT2316-16 produced canthaxanthin, astaxanthin and β-carotene. The effects of biotin, ascorbic acid, light and temperature were evaluated in some of the experiments. In 2-day-old batch cultures, the combined mass percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in total lipids was between 16.5% (glycerol-based medium in the dark; biomass concentration = 4.2 ± 1.1 g L−1) and 42.6% (glucose-based medium under light; biomass concentration = 3.3 ± 0.1 g L−1), decreasing to 3.8% and 6.1%, respectively, after day 4. In repeated-batch cultures, the total lipids in the biomass increased after glucose or glycerol was fed alone, whereas the total carotenoids (168 ± 7 μg g−1 dry weight (DW)) and phospholipids in the biomass increased after feeding with yeast extract. The biomass with the highest content of phospholipids (28.7 ± 4.3 mg g−1 DW) was obtained using a feed medium formulated with glycerol, yeast extract and ascorbic acid. Glycerol was the best carbon source for the production of a biomass enriched with total lipids (467 ± 45 mg g−1 DW). The composition of carotenoids depended strongly on the composition of the feed. Repeated-batch cultures fed with yeast extract contained canthaxanthin as the main carotenoid, whereas in the cultures fed only with glucose, the biomass contained mainly β-carotene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Carotenoids and Phospholipids by Thraustochytrium sp. in Batch and Repeated-Batch Culture

et al. 2022

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“…Take DHA as an example for cost estimation ( 72 ). If all the carbon sources needed to produce DHA were glucose, the amount of glucose required to produce 1 ton of biomass would be 2.78 tons.…”

Section: Extraction Of Fungal Fatty Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If one ton of DHA is produced, the calculated cost of glucose is $12,564.2. All this takes into account only glucose substrates, but if you add in other cost factors, including water and electricity, publicity, equipment, and so on, the cost of DHA increases further ( 72 ).…”

Section: Extraction Of Fungal Fatty Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production, Biosynthesis, and Commercial Applications of Fatty Acids From Oleaginous Fungi

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Oleaginous fungi (including fungus-like protists) are attractive in lipid production due to their short growth cycle, large biomass and high yield of lipids. Some typical oleaginous fungi including Galactomyces geotrichum, Thraustochytrids, Mortierella isabellina, and Mucor circinelloides, have been well studied for the ability to accumulate fatty acids with commercial application. Here, we review recent progress toward fermentation, extraction, of fungal fatty acids. To reduce cost of the fatty acids, fatty acid productions from raw materials were also summarized. Then, the synthesis mechanism of fatty acids was introduced. We also review recent studies of the metabolic engineering strategies have been developed as efficient tools in oleaginous fungi to overcome the biochemical limit and to improve production efficiency of the special fatty acids. It also can be predictable that metabolic engineering can further enhance biosynthesis of fatty acids and change the storage mode of fatty acids.

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EPA and DHA in microalgae: Health benefits, biosynthesis, and metabolic engineering advances

Jesionowska,

Ovadia,

Hockemeyer

et al. 2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are ω‐3 very long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC‐PUFAs) that offer a wide range of human health benefits impacting cardiovascular, anti‐inflammatory, and neurological health. It is widely known that humans inefficiently synthesize these compounds and as such rely on exogenous dietary sources, such as marine fish oils. Unfortunately, the production of marine fish oils is an unsustainable process and has suffered a dramatic fall in recent years due to overfishing and climate change, as the demand for EPA and DHA continues to rise. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative, sustainable sources for consumable EPA and DHA. Metabolic engineering of marine microalgae to improve their EPA and DHA productivity is regarded as a promising option that has received increasing commercial attention in recent years. In this mini‐review, we describe several notable health benefits of EPA and DHA, summarize the natural sources and biosynthesis of VLC‐PUFAS, as well as the recent advances in metabolic engineering of EPA and DHA production in representative microalgal and protist species, including Schizochytrium sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Nannochloropsis oceanica.

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Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by Schizochytrium (Aurantiochytrium) spp.

Cited by 64 publications

References 298 publications

Production of Carotenoids and Phospholipids by Thraustochytrium sp. in Batch and Repeated-Batch Culture

Production of Carotenoids and Phospholipids by Thraustochytrium sp. in Batch and Repeated-Batch Culture

Production, Biosynthesis, and Commercial Applications of Fatty Acids From Oleaginous Fungi

EPA and DHA in microalgae: Health benefits, biosynthesis, and metabolic engineering advances

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