Production of Reducing Sugar from Cassava Solid Waste by Simultaneous Ultrasonication and Acid Hydrolysis

Simanjuntak, Wasinton; Satria, Heri; Utami, Nurul

doi:10.22146/ijc.21233

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Only a few reports regarding the production of reducing sugar from cassava or taro can be found in the literature. Simanjuntak et al reported the production from cassava solid waste by simultaneous ultrasonication and acid hydrolysis. Their best result was 0.8 g L −1 of reducing sugar (using 40 kHz ultrasound irradiation, pH = 2.0, 90 min of hydrolysis time, and 90 °C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-Hydrolysis of Non-Conventional Substrates for Biofuel Culture Media

et al. 2019

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One of the most crucial steps in the bioconversion of biomass to biofuels is the biomass pretreatment. Here, the use of high‐energy ball‐milling as a one‐step treatment method for fast production of fermentable sugars from starch sources as tubercles (Colocasia esculenta (taro), Colocasia antiquorum (islander), and Manihot esculenta (cassava)) is explored. The results indicate that the maximum reducing sugar concentration is obtained after 20 min (taro and islander) or 30 min (cassava) of milling. Compared with untreated samples the reducing sugar concentration increases 1.5 times in cassava, 4.5 times in islander, and 4.8 times in taro. No fermentation inhibitors or by‐products are generated during the physical treatment. The milled samples have been used in the growth media of a model microorganism like Escherichia coliEscherichia coli. The E. coli growth yield using islander milled 20 min is 31 times higher than dextrose. Finally, a mechanism of the effect of high‐energy ball‐milling treatment on the physicochemical properties of starch‐rich biomass is proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-Hydrolysis of Non-Conventional Substrates for Biofuel Culture Media

et al. 2019

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“…HMT exerted significant effects on starch characteristics in cassava; the process decreased total starch content, and then increased reducing sugar and amylose content. Simanjuntak et al [25] showed that reducing sugars were increased during heating. Starch (polysaccharide), which is mainly composed of glucose (monosaccharide), was degraded at higher temperatures [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simanjuntak et al . [ 25 ] showed that reducing sugars were increased during heating. Starch (polysaccharide), which is mainly composed of glucose (monosaccharide), was degraded at higher temperatures [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of heat-moisture treatment on resistant starch levels in cassava and on fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial populations in ruminants

Putra

Suharti

Sarwono³

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Resistant starch (RS) is difficult to digest in the digestive tract. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on RS in cassava and examined its impact on rumen fermentation. Materials and Methods: Cassava flour was used as a raw material and used in a randomized block design with four different cycles of HMT as the treatments and four different rumen incubations in vitro as blocks. Treatments included: HMT0: without HMT (control), HMT1: one HMT cycle, HMT2: two HMT cycles, and HMT3: three HMT cycles. Heat-moisture treatment processes were performed at 121°C for 15 min and then freezing at -20°C for 6 h. Analyzed HMT cassava starch characteristics included components, digestibility, and physicochemical properties. In in vitro rumen fermentation studies (48 h incubation) using HMT cassava, digestibility, gas production, methane, fermentation profiles, and microbial population assessments were performed. Results: Heat-moisture treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) starch, amylopectin, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and slowly digestible starch levels. In contrast, amylose, reducing sugars, very RDS, RS, and protein digestion levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, a reduced crystallinity index and an increased amorphous index were observed in starch using Fourier-transform infrared analyses, while a change in crystalline type from type A to type B, along with a reduction in crystallinity degree, was observed in X-ray diffraction analyses. Heat-moisture treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced rumen dry matter (DM) degradation, gas production, methane (CH4 for 12 h), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate levels. In addition, acetate, butyrate, and acetate/propionate ratios, as well as population of Streptococcus bovis and Bacteroides were significantly increased (p < 0.05). However, pH, ammonia, and organic matter digestibility were unaffected (p < 0.05) by HMT. Conclusion: Cassava HMT altered starch characteristics, significantly increased RS, which appeared to limit rumen digestion activity, decreased rumen DM degradation, gas production, VFAs, and CH4 production for 12 h, but increased S. bovis and Bacteroides levels. Keywords: heat-moisture treatment, in vitro, rumen fermentation, starch modification.

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“…Liquid fuels produced were then evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), providing the information on the chemical content of the liquids, enabling the comparison of the performance of the zeolites synthesized to be made. The use of cassava solid waste is based on the availability of this agricultural waste in Indonesia, however, the utilization of this feedstock for renewable energy such as bioethanol production is still limited [23][24][25][26][27]. Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that can be found in various water bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From environmental point of view, water hyacinth is considered a very problematic plant [19,20] because of the various problems it causes to the water ecosystem and the use of water for other purposes, such as transportation. From the biomass perspective, on the other hand, this plant is a very potent source for its fast-growing with high mass productivity, making it an interesting raw material for biomass utilization, such as production of renewable energy sources using pyrolysis [21][22][23]. In this study, a series of trials was operated with the purposes to investigate the effect of crystallization times on the formation of HS, to compare the compositions of the liquid fuels produced using the HS produced with different crystallization times, and to compare the compositions of the liquid fuels obtained from different raw materials pyrolyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite from Rice Husk Silica and Food-Grade Aluminum Foil as A Catalyst for Biomass Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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In this research, food-grade aluminum foil (FGAF), rice husk silica (RHS), and sodium hydroxide were needed to synthesize hydroxy-sodalite (HS) using hydrothermal method. The raw materials were exposed to crystallization at 100 °C for 72, 96 and 120 h, and followed by calcination for 6 h at 550 °C. The products obtained were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique, and it applied as catalysts for pyrolysis of biomass. The bio-crude oils (BCO) produced were investigated adopting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The XRD results reveal that the products obtained with the crystallization time of 72 and 96 h are a mixture of zeolite A and HS and practically pure HS with a crystallization time of 120 h. The shapes of particles as displayed by SEM are in good agreement with the results of others. The main components of the BCO produced are hydrocarbons, with the biogasoline contents in the range of 81.67 - 96.24 % was resulted from the mixture of water hyacinth and palm oil, and 72.92 - 92.58 % from the mixture of cassava solid waste and palm oil. In this respect, it can be concluded HS is a prospective catalyst for the pyrolysis of biomass. HIGHLIGHTS Hydroxy sodalite zeolites were synthesized from rice husk silica and food-grade aluminum foil using hydrothermal method at different temperatures Formation of hydroxy sodalite was confirmed by characterizations using XRD and SEM techniques Hydroxy sodalite zeolites produced were applied as catalyst for pyrolysis of a mixture of cassava solid waste with palm oil and a mixture of water hyacinth with palm oil The bio crude oils produced from the pyrolysis experiments were characterized using GC-MS technique to identify their chemical components GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Production of Reducing Sugar from Cassava Solid Waste by Simultaneous Ultrasonication and Acid Hydrolysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Mechano-Hydrolysis of Non-Conventional Substrates for Biofuel Culture Media

Mechano-Hydrolysis of Non-Conventional Substrates for Biofuel Culture Media

The effects of heat-moisture treatment on resistant starch levels in cassava and on fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial populations in ruminants

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite from Rice Husk Silica and Food-Grade Aluminum Foil as A Catalyst for Biomass Pyrolysis

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