Production of Steroids and Release of Prostaglandins by Spherical Pig Blastocysts in vitro

Stone, BA; Seamark, R.F.; Kelly, RW; Deam, S.

doi:10.1071/bi9860283

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Estrogen alters endometrial prostaglandin production, increasing the PGE:PGF ratio [44,45]. Additionally, porcine conceptuses produce more PGE than PGF [46,47] and release proteins that may synergize with blastocoelic estrogen to increase the PGE: PGF ratio [48,49]. During early pregnancy, these factors in combination may result in delivery of PGE and PGF to corpora lutea in a ratio that allows continued luteal function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine. I. Minimal Requirement for Exogenous Estradiol-17β to Induce Either Short or Long Pseudopregnancy in Cycling Gilts1

Smith

Thomford

et al. 1996

Biology of Reproduction

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Five experiments were conducted to determine the minimal requirement for estradiol-17 beta (E2) injections to induce either short pseudopregnancy (SPP) or long pseudopregnancy (LPP) in cycling gilts. In experiments 1 through 5, E2 was injected i.m. on combinations of days between 11 and 25 days postestrus. Exogenous E2 on Days 12 and 13 or on Days 12 through 19 was optimal for induction of SPP or LPP, respectively. The duration of E2-induced diestrus was clearly demarcated between SPP (n = 73, duration 23-35 days) and LPP (n = 23, duration > 50 days). A sixth experiment was conducted to determine the minimum dose of intrauterine E2 required to induce SPP, and these gilts received intrauterine infusions of 0, 4, 40, or 400 micrograms E2 per 24 h on Days 12 and 13 postestrus. Pseudopregnancy was induced in 0 of 12, 1 of 4, 1 of 11, and 4 of 7 gilts in the treatment groups, respectively. These data suggest that uterine exposure alone is not sufficient to induce SPP. The present results indicate that the optimal signal for inducing LPP in unmated cycling gilts, and perhaps also for maternal recognition of pregnancy in mated gilts, may occur in two phases with continuous exposure to E2 being required from Day 12 to Days 17-19.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine. I. Minimal Requirement for Exogenous Estradiol-17β to Induce Either Short or Long Pseudopregnancy in Cycling Gilts1

Smith

Thomford

et al. 1996

Biology of Reproduction

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“…The disease affecting males in an incidence of 1: 2000–6000, is characterized by dry, scaly skin due to deletions or mutations in the STS gene and subsequent deficits in steroid hormone function [22]. In addition, biochemical studies using radioactive labeling approaches showed the release of pregnenolone and subsequent steroid metabolites from PregS [23,24,25,26].…”

Section: Pregnenolone Sulfate—synthesis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnenolone Sulfate: From Steroid Metabolite to TRP Channel Ligand

Harteneck

2013

Molecules

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Pregnenolone sulfate is a steroid metabolite with a plethora of actions and functions. As a neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulfate modulates a variety of ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Interestingly, as a sulfated steroid, pregnenolone sulfate is not the final-or waste-product of pregnenolone being sulfated via a phase II metabolism reaction and renally excreted, as one would presume from the pharmacology textbook knowledge. Pregnenolone sulfate is also the source and thereby the starting point for subsequent steroid synthesis pathways. Most recently, pregnenolone sulfate has been functionally "upgraded" from modulator of ion channels to an activating ion channel ligand. This review will focus on molecular aspects of the neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulfate, its metabolism, concentrations in serum and tissues and last not least will summarize the functional data.

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“…In addition to steroids and other regulatory substances, the porcine embryo releases prostaglandins (PGs) (Davis et al 1983), and predominantly prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) (Stone et al 1986). Secretion of PGE 2 in the endometrium increased on days 11–12 after mating and the ratio of PGE 2 to prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) was enhanced in endometrial cells of pregnant gilts in comparison to cycling gilts (Zhang & Davis, 1991; Davis & Blair, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local transfer of prostaglandin E₂ into the ovary and its retrograde transfer into the uterus in early pregnant sows

Stefańczyk-Krzymowska

Chłopek

Grzegorzewski

et al. 2005

Experimental Physiology

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This study was designed to establish (a) whether prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) can reach the ovary and oviduct by a local pathway and what is the contribution of lymphatic vessels to this transfer, and (b) whether PGE 2 can permeate from venous and lymphatic vessels of the mesometrium to arterial blood and be delivered to the uterine horn during maternal recognition of pregnancy in gilts. The reproductive tract was excised from gilts (n = 10) on day 14 after mating. The uterine horn was isolated with the ovary and broad ligament and perfused with warmed and oxygenated autologous blood. A total dose of 5.5 × 10 7 disintegrations per min (d.p.m.) (49 ng) [ 3 H]PGE 2 was infused into the small branches of the uterine vein on the broad ligament or into the lymphatic vessels. Frequent blood samples were collected from the branch of the uterine artery and from the venous effluent. Tissue samples were collected from the uterine horn, the ovary and the broad ligament. The concentration of [ 3 H]PGE 2 was significantly higher in the ovary (P < 0.001), oviduct (P < 0.01), endometrium (P < 0.01), myometrium (P < 0.001) and mesometrium (P < 0.001) after infusion of [ 3 H]PGE 2 into lymphatic vessels than into the branches of the uterine vein. In contrast, the concentration of [ 3 H]PGE 2 was significantly higher in arterial blood supplying the uterine horn (P < 0.01) and in the venous effluent (P < 0.001) after infusion of [ 3 H]PGE 2 into the branches of the uterine vein than into lymphatic vessels. These results demonstrated local transfer of [ 3 H]PGE 2 into the ovary, oviduct and uterine horn from lymphatic and venous vessels of the mesometrium. However, the efficiency of this transfer was considerably higher after infusion into lymphatic vessels than into branches of the ovarian vein. We conclude that the lymphatic pathway is a fundamental mechanism in the local transfer of PGE 2 from the uterus to the ovary and oviduct during early pregnancy in the pig.

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Production of Steroids and Release of Prostaglandins by Spherical Pig Blastocysts in vitro

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine. I. Minimal Requirement for Exogenous Estradiol-17β to Induce Either Short or Long Pseudopregnancy in Cycling Gilts1

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine. I. Minimal Requirement for Exogenous Estradiol-17β to Induce Either Short or Long Pseudopregnancy in Cycling Gilts1

Pregnenolone Sulfate: From Steroid Metabolite to TRP Channel Ligand

Local transfer of prostaglandin E₂ into the ovary and its retrograde transfer into the uterus in early pregnant sows

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Production of Steroids and Release of Prostaglandins by Spherical Pig Blastocysts in vitro

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine. I. Minimal Requirement for Exogenous Estradiol-17β to Induce Either Short or Long Pseudopregnancy in Cycling Gilts1

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine. I. Minimal Requirement for Exogenous Estradiol-17β to Induce Either Short or Long Pseudopregnancy in Cycling Gilts1

Pregnenolone Sulfate: From Steroid Metabolite to TRP Channel Ligand

Local transfer of prostaglandin E2 into the ovary and its retrograde transfer into the uterus in early pregnant sows

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Product

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About

Local transfer of prostaglandin E₂ into the ovary and its retrograde transfer into the uterus in early pregnant sows