Production of swainsonine by fungal endophytes of locoweed

Braun, Karen M.; Romero, Jennifer; Liddell, C. M.; Creamer, Rebecca

doi:10.1017/s095375620300813x

Cited by 150 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It has been observed that a fungal endophytic species occurring in locoweeds, the vertically-transmitted Undifilum oxytropis [324,325], previously described as Embellisia sp. [326,327], is capable to produce swainsonine in vitro. Novel species of Undifilum, U. fulvum and U. cinereum, have been later reported for production of this compound, respectively in Astragalus lentiginosus and A. mollissimus [328], along with strains of an unidentified Undifilum sp.…”

Section: Other Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Bioactive Metabolites and Drugs Produced by Endophytic Fungi of Spermatophyta

2015

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Abstract:It is known that plant-based ethnomedicine represented the foundation of modern pharmacology and that many pharmaceuticals are derived from compounds occurring in plant extracts. This track still stimulates a worldwide investigational activity aimed at identifying novel bioactive products of plant origin. However, the discovery that endophytic fungi are able to produce many plant-derived drugs has disclosed new horizons for their availability and production on a large scale by the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, following the path traced by the blockbuster drug taxol, an increasing number of valuable compounds originally characterized as secondary metabolites of plant species belonging to the Spermatophyta have been reported as fermentation products of endophytic fungal strains. Aspects concerning sources and bioactive properties of these compounds are reviewed in this paper.

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Section: Other Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Bioactive Metabolites and Drugs Produced by Endophytic Fungi of Spermatophyta

2015

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“…Endophytes can influence community biodiversity (2) or even directly enhance plant growth (3). In grasses (4) and other herbaceous plants (5), dominant endophytes are known to produce toxic alkaloids that deter or poison herbivores. In woody plants, endophytes also may function in specific defense roles (6) or more generally function to limit pathogen damage (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A community of unknown, endophytic fungi in western white pine

Ganley

Brunsfeld

Newcombe

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

127

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The endophytic fungi of woody plants may be diverse as often claimed, and likewise, they may be functionally novel as demonstrated in a few studies. However, the endophyte taxa that are most frequently reported tend to belong to fungal groups composed of morphologically similar endophytes and parasites. Thus, it is plausible that endophytes are known (i.e., described) parasites in a latent phase within the host. If this null hypothesis were true, endophytes would represent neither additional fungal diversity distinct from parasite diversity nor a symbiont community likely to be novel ecologically. To be synonymous with parasites of the host, endophytes should at least be most closely related to those same parasites. Here we report that seven distinct parasites of Pinus monticola do not occur as endophytes. The majority of endophytes of P. monticola (90% of 2,019 cultures) belonged to one fungal family, the Rhytismataceae. However, not a single rhytismataceous endophyte was found to be most closely related by sequence homology to the three known rhytismataceous parasites of P. monticola. Similarly, neither endophytic Mycosphaerella nor endophytic Rhizosphaera isolates were most closely related to known parasites of P. monticola. Morphologically, the endophytes of P. monticola can be confounded with the parasites of the same host. However, they are actually most closely related to, but distinct from, parasites of other species of Pinus. If endophytes are generally unknown species, then estimates of 1 million endophytes (i.e., approximately 1 in 14 of all species of life) seem reasonable.

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“…Our data further demonstrate that fungi are also present in healthy in vitro seedlings grown from seeds from the same population. Endophytic fungi have also been found in seeds of several plant groups including Fabaceae (Braun et al, 2003), Pinaceae (Ganley and Newcombe, 2006), and Poaceae (Latch et al, 1987;Ernst et al, 2003;Schardl et al, 2004).…”

Section: Identity Of Endophytic Fungi Within Laelia Speciosa Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence reveals fungi associated within the epiphytic orchid Laelia speciosa (HBK) Schltr.

et al. 2013

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Fungi-orchid relationships have been studied mainly in terrestrial orchids. The present work deals with diversity and biological role of the fungi associated to the epiphytic orchid Laelia speciosa through molecular evidence. ITS sequences confi rmed fungal presence in roots, capsules, seeds and in vitro seedlings. None of the fungi found formed characteristic pelotons, so we do not assume they are mycorrhizal. We identifi ed 18 taxa of fungi belonging to eight known genera (Alternaria, Curvularia, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Myrmecridium, Neonectria, Penicillium, and Tetracladium) and unknown species of Atractiellales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Lasiosphaeriaceae, Nectriaceae, Sordariomycetes, and Tricholomataceae. From these, we infer the biology of nine parasites, four saprobes, and two endophytes. One of the fungi, a Helotiales species, was able to colonize all orchid tissues, including seeds and in vitro seedlings, so, even if all precautions were taken, "axenic culture" of L. speciosa is a diffi cult task. There is a considerable diversity of fungi within L. speciosa organs. Endophytic fungi interact with the whole plant of L. speciosa along its life cycle. Key words: fungi, ITS sequences, in vitro culture, orchid seeds.Resumen: Las relaciones de orquídeas-hongos han sido estudiadas principalmente en orquídeas terrestres. El trabajo aquí presentado trata sobre la diversidad y signifi cado biológico de los hongos asociados a la orquídea epifi ta endémica Laelia speciosa. Se registró la presencia fungal en semillas, protocormos y plántulas durante la germinación y primeros estadíos de desarrollo in vitro de L. speciosa mediante evidencia molecular. Las secuencias de ITS confi rmaron la presencia de hongos en raíces, cápsulas, semillas y también en plántulas cultivadas in vitro. Ninguno de los hongos encontrados formó pelotones característicos por lo que no se asume que sean hongos micorrízicos. Se identifi caron 18 taxa de hongos pertenecientes a ocho géneros (Alternaria, Curvularia, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Myrmecridium, Neonectria, Penicillium y Tetracladium) y especies desconocidas de Atractiellales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Lasiosphaeriaceae, Nectriaceae, Sordariomycetes y Tricholomataceae. De éstos, se infi rió la biología de nueve parásitos, cuatro saprobios y dos endófi tos. Uno de los hongos, perteneciente a una especie de Helotiales coloniza todos los tejidos de la orquídea, incluyendo semillas y plántulas cultivadas in vitro; por tanto, aun si todas las precauciones son tomadas, es difícil obtener "cultivos axénicos"de L. speciosa. Existe una considerable diversidad de hongos endófi tos dentro de los órganos de L. speciosa a través de todo su ciclo de vida. Palabras clave: cultivo in vitro, hongos, secuencias de ITS, semillas de orquídea T he fungus-orchid association has been a long-standing issue in the study of orchid development. Orchid seeds, almost devoid of reserves, require the presence of fungi as an energy source for germination and during early developmental stages in nature (Ko...

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Production of swainsonine by fungal endophytes of locoweed

Cited by 150 publications

References 30 publications

Plant Bioactive Metabolites and Drugs Produced by Endophytic Fungi of Spermatophyta

Plant Bioactive Metabolites and Drugs Produced by Endophytic Fungi of Spermatophyta

A community of unknown, endophytic fungi in western white pine

Molecular evidence reveals fungi associated within the epiphytic orchid Laelia speciosa (HBK) Schltr.

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