Production of synthetic rutile from ilmenite via anion-exchange

Palliyaguru, L.; Arachchi, N. D. H.; Jayaweera, Champa Disala; Jayaweera, P.M.

doi:10.1080/03719553.2017.1331621

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The chloride process, which utilizes rutile as a raw material presently is more favorable economically and generates less waste products; however, sources of natural rutile are limited. Thus, a number of investigations [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] (as shown in Table S1 of Supplementary Materials) have been performed to prepare synthetic rutile. The sulfate process that uses ilmenite or acid soluble titanium slag as raw materials is widely applied, but it is lengthy, and ferrous sulfate byproduct is less marketable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

et al. 2019

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A direct reduction-magnetic separation-alkali leaching-dilute acid washing method was proposed to prepare high-quality acid-soluble titanium slag (HQASTS) from titanium middling ore. The relevant potential pH diagrams were built, and the analysis results showed that the pH values for alkali leaching and dilute acid washing should be higher than 13.50 and lower than 1.00, respectively. Increasing temperature was beneficial to alkali leaching but not to dilute acid washing. The effects of operating parameters on the TiO2 content and impurity oxides extraction ratios of titanium slag were investigated, and the optimal experimental conditions were obtained. The HQASTS was obtained with TiO2 and Fe2O3 content of 75.37 wt % and 0.96 wt %, respectively, under the above conditions. Furthermore, the leaching mechanism was studied by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology, and it was found that the alkali leaching-dilute acid washing process presented in this work could avoid the encapsulation of the unreacted anorthite by the calcium aluminum spinel generated in alkali leaching.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

et al. 2019

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“…8 ), as titanium-bearing minerals are highly abundant along the coastline of Sri Lanka. Consequently, upgrading heavy minerals using methods described in Palliyaguru et al ( 2017 ) and Wijewardhana et al ( 2021 ) would be highly recommended to uplift the downstream heavy mineral industry of Sri Lanka. This also suggests a higher potential and a probability for Sri Lanka to get into the mineral processing industry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…published articles, patents) at the laboratory scale. For example, Palliyaguru et al ( 2017 ) and Wijewardhana et al ( 2021 ) proposed methods for the production of synthetic rutile from Sri Lankan ilmenite by anion exchange (i.e. leaching iron from ilmenite using HCl), and by mechanical activation and carbothermic reduction using carbonised waste coconut shells and powdered seashells as raw materials, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art and perspectives in the heavy mineral industry of Sri Lanka

2021

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Heavy minerals have become an essential commodity in modern-day technology. The objective of this study is to examine the current status of the heavy mineral industry of Sri Lanka. The present study also examines the economic viability of potential heavy mineral placer deposits, based on geochemical data. Field investigations suggested the occurrence of heavy minerals as beach-placers, and inland/raised beach deposits along the coastline of Sri Lanka. Geochemical results showed the enrichment of TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , and trace elements, and depletion of other major oxides such as Na 2 O, K 2 O, MnO, MgO, CaO, and P 2 O 5 . Consequently, it suggests the abundance of ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile, sillimanite, garnet, and rare earth element (REE)-bearing heavy minerals in potential placer deposits. In contrast, this study illustrates the exported quantity (in the weight ratio of 35:3:1) of ilmenite, rutile, and zircon minerals during the last decade. Ilmenite is the dominant heavy mineral in Sri Lanka, and thus, its production and price volatilisations are essential to understand the current status and predict the future behaviour of the heavy mineral industry. Statistical observations suggest that the global production and unit price variations of ilmenite have increased gradually from 1950 to 2015. Besides, the forecasted variations in annual global production and unit price changes of ilmenite indicate healthy compound annual growth rates of 1.27% and 1.43%, respectively. However, Sri Lanka has less contribution (< 1%) to global ilmenite production. Consequently, the value addition of ilmenite must be highly encouraged with at least an immediate stage (e.g. synthetic rutile). The present study also highlights possible value addition stages of available heavy mineral resources (low-, intermediate-, or high-level value addition), and discusses action plans to improve the quality of the heavy mineral industry of Sri Lanka. In recommendations, imposing sustainable regulations and policies would uplift the heavy mineral industry of Sri Lanka. For example, value addition to local heavy minerals and terminating raw commodity export are highly recommended.

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“…Researchers from Sri Lanka have studied the digestion of Sri Lankan ilmenite in acidic solutions [47,48,57]. Production of rutile from natural ilmenite via anion-exchange was reported to produce rutile without any traces of iron.…”

Section: Leaching Using Hydrochloric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of ilmenite to produce titanium based materials: a review

2021

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Naturally available ilmenite mineral is being used as a starting material to produce titanium based products that have wide applications. Transformation of ilmenite to different titanium based materials by strong and weak acid, and base digestion, is discussed. Effects of temperature, concentration of acid/base, reaction time on dissolution of ilmenite are extensively reviewed. Characterization of the starting materials, intermediates and the products by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, brunauer–emmett–teller surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy are presented. Further, advantages and disadvantages associated with the digestion methods are discussed.

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Production of synthetic rutile from ilmenite via anion-exchange

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

State-of-the-art and perspectives in the heavy mineral industry of Sri Lanka

Leaching of ilmenite to produce titanium based materials: a review

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