Production of Tetraploid Gynogenetic Loach Using Diploid Eggs of Natural Tetraploid Loach, <b><i>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,</i></b> Fertilized with UV-Irradiated Sperm of <b><i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i></b> without Treatments for Chromosome Doubling

Abstract

The gynogenesis phenomenon in nature mainly appears in the reproduction of fish and invertebrates. So far, gynogenesis has been successfully induced in many fish species with the aid of some physical or chemical methods for chromosome doubling. However, few fish can produce gynogenetic progenies, genetically identical or similar to the somatic cells of the mothers, without a treatment for the doubling of chromosomes, which may be related to apomixis, premeiotic endoreduplication, or premeiotic endomitosis. At present, no studies are available about fish with normal ovarian structures producing gynogenetic progenies that could spontaneously double their chromosomes. According to the analyses of flow cytometry, chromosome number, and microsatellites, we found that, with the use of UV-irradiated sperm of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala, tetraploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus produced tetraploid gynogenetic progenies without any treatments for the doubling of chromosomes. To determine the genetic relationships of gynogenetic progenies and their maternal parent, microsatellite genotyping was conducted. The results indicated that the reason for spontaneous chromosome duplication in gynogenetic progenies may be cytokinesis or inhibition of the extrusion of the second polar body. This is the first report on fish with normal ovarian structures that can produce gynogenetic progenies which spontaneously double their chromosomes and which are genetically identical or similar to the somatic cells of the mothers.

Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid composition and antioxidant-related gene expressions in juvenile loachMisgurnus anguillicaudatus

“…According to 2015 China Fishery Statistical yearbook, the production of Dojo loach reached 343,100 tons in China in 2014 (Fisheries Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture of China ). Although several studies have been focused on investigating the breeding and reproduction (Arai, Matsubara & Suzuki, ; Huang, Cao, Tian, Luo & Wang, ), genetics and evolution (Huang, Cao, Tian, Luo & Wang, ; Morishima, Nakayama & Arai, ; Zhang et al., ) and hybridization (You, Yu & Tong, ) of this species, few scientific studies of nutritional requirements for this species are available (Gao et al., ). Thus, it is very important to determine the optimal protein and lipid levels when cost‐effective diets are formulated.…”

Microsatellites as Molecular Markers with Applications in Exploitation and Conservation of Aquatic Animal Populations

“…Microsatellites were used for assessment of androgenesis (originating from males - all-males), e.g., in the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus [ 503 ], amago salmon, O. masou ishikawae [ 504 ], and in large yellow croaker, P. crocea [ 505 ]. Microsatellites were useful in the analysis of ploidization, including evolutionary polyploidy, which occurred through the hybridization of common carp, C. carpio , approximately 12 MYA [ 506 ], functional hexaploidy in the shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum , ‘functional genome reduction’ in other species of sturgeons [ 507 ], natural ploidization and induced gynogenesis in the loach, M. anguillicaudatus , and blunt snout bream, M. amblycephala [ 508 , 509 ], parental assignment of natural triploids, diploids and laboratory induced gynogensis of loaches, M. anguillicaudatus , in the Hokkaido island, Japan [ 510 ], analysis for laboratory and aquaculture purposes of ploidy levels in Acipenser hybrid larvae [ 511 ] and tests of Mendelian segregation in bester—a hybrid of beluga, Huso huso L., and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L., in the fourth generation [ 512 ].…”

Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance in loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus)

“…Thus, an artificial culture of loach is necessary. At present, studies of loach have focused on investigating breeding and reproduction ( 4 ), hybridization ( 5 ), and immune responses ( 6 , 7 ). However, research progress on the nutritional requirements of artificial feed for loach is slower than that of other fish ( 2 , 8 ).…”