Production of the perfect stage ofMycena citricolor(Berk. and Curt.) Sacc.

Abstract

The taxonomy and biology of Myeena citricolor (Berk. and Curt.) Sacco is reviewed and techniques of induction of basidiocarps by certain other fungi ar~described.-M ycena cltricolor was induced to produce the perfect stage when grown in co-culture with Penicillium oxalicum, P. paUeans, P. cyclopium, P. breoi-compectum, or P. viridicatum. Basidiocarp yield was highest when M. citricolor was grown in co-culture with .P. oxalicum. A low percentage of field isolates or M. citricolor were able to produce some basidiocarps in mono-culture, but yield was greatly increased when this fungus was grown in co-culture with P. oxalicum. Other isolates of M. cltricolor produced basidiocarps only when grown in co-culmte with P. oxelicum. However, several other basidiomycetes failed to produce the perfect stage when grow in co-culture with P. oxalicum, A basidiocarp-stimulating substance(s) (BSS) was present in sterile supernatant fluids from cultures of Penicillium oxalicum, BSS resisted autoclaving and readily passed through dialysis tubing. Yield of BSS was highest whenP. oxalicum was cultured in potatodextrose broth (PDB) or Emerson's YpSs medium in still culture for 1 week under laboratory conditions. P. oxaUcum grown in PDB ,produced BSS independently of light conditions, but M. cit~icolo~produced basidiocarps in response to BSS (or in co-culture with P. oxalicum) only when grown in alternating periods of light and ,dark. M. citricolor produced basidiocarps only when it was cultured on natural or semi-synthetic media.

Rhacophyllus and Zerovaemyces—teleomorphs or anamorphs?

“…One confusing case of mixed morphologies, that of the genus Asterophora Ditmar ex Link: Fr., has led to 200 years of confusion, both taxonomic and nomenclatural (Redhead & Seifert, in press). In the latter case, the differentiation between the normal basidiome and the anamorph ["gemmifer" (Buller, 1934), "cabecitas" (Wellman, 1950;Salas & Hancock, 1972), "stilboid" structure (Singer, 1951;Seifert, 1985), "cephalosus" (Watling, 1979), or "apokybium" (Cl6menqon, 1997)] is so complete that mycologists have never mixed the two nomenclaturally, or bothered to name a genus for the Stilbunm flavidum anamorph despite the abundance of descriptive vernacular names coined in compensation. One of these morphs is considered to be an anamorph while the other a teleomorph.…”

“…& Curtis) Sacco and its anamorph (Stilbum flavidum Cooke), involves the development of two types of pileated fructifications (Maublanc & Rangel, 1914;Buller, 1934;Dennis, 1950;Clemen\on 1997), one "sterile" (i.e., not bearing basidia or basidiospores) and the other fertile (i.e., bearing basidia and basidiospores). In the latter case, the differentiation between the normal basidiome and the anamorph ["gemmifer" (Buller, 1934), "cabecitas" (Wellman, 1950;Salas & Hancock, 1972), "stilboid" structure (Singer, 1951;Seifert, 1985), "cephalosus" (Watling, 1979), or "apokybium" (Clemen\on, 1997] is so complete that mycologists have never mixed the two nomenclaturally, or bothered to name a genus for the Stilbum flavidum anamorph despite the abundance of descriptive vernacular names coined in compensation. The latter anamorph is clearly neither a Sri/bum or a Sti/bella (cf.…”

Genome-wide characterisation of pathogenicity-related proteins inMycena citricolor,the causal agent of the American Leaf Spot in coffee

“…The sexual stage is a basidiocarp (sporophore) with lamella ( Figure 1E ), characterized by a small pale-yellow umbrella-shaped body, which produces rounded basidiospores (2n). The specific role of basidiospores in the infection process remains unknown (Sequeira 1954; Salas and Hancock 1972).…”