Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Hemodialysis

Macdonald, Christie; Rush, David; Bernstein, Keevin; McKenna, Rachel M.

doi:10.1159/000187487

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For TNF-·, results from a range of studies are contradictory: the levels of this cytokine after a dialysis session was either unchanged on cuprophane, PS, or cellulose triacetate membranes [5,26,28]; increased on cuprophane, cellulose acetate membranes [12,14,23]; or decreased on AN69 membranes [14,26]. Previous reports did not show intradialytic changes in plasma IL-6 activity [6] or IL-6 mRNA [29] using cellulosic, AN69, or PMMA membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, within a dialysis session, the production of some cytokines might be up-regulated, whereas, depending on the membrane permeability, the plasma levels of some cytokines might decrease [5,[12][13][14][15]. Until recently, cytokines such as IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-·, IFN-Á were assessed in dialysis patients by means of (i) either bioassay or Elisa, i.e., testing the patient's plasma or the supernatants from patients' PBMCs, cultured with or without LPS; or (ii) ex vivo at the level of mRNA in PBMCs or in cell lysates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ex vivo Flow Cytometry Determination of Intracytoplasmic Expression of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in Monocytes and T Lymphocytes, in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

et al. 2000

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Aims: To determine the intracytoplasmic expression of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ, ex vivo and in vitro, in both monocytes and T lymphocytes by flow cytometry after appropriate stimulation using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the presence of monensin, in order to assess the bio(in)compatibility of different dialysis membranes. Methods: We examined monocytes and T lymphocytes taken from chronic hemodialysis patients (using either cuprophane (CUP), n = 6; polyacrylonitrile (AN 69), n = 6; or polysulfone (PS), n = 6 membranes), before and after a dialysis session. We compared the results with those obtained from end-stage chronic renal failure patients (n = 3) and healthy volunteers (n = 11). Results: Before any stimulation there was a statistically significant difference in the percentages of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ- expressing monocytes with respect to the dialysis membrane used. The highest percentages were observed for CUP and AN69 patients with figures of around 30% for each cytokine; the lowest percentages were found in PS patients and healthy volunteers. One hour after LPS stimulation the patterns remained unchanged for TNF-α and IFN-γ, whereas the percentages of IL-6-expressing cells in PS patients and in healthy volunteers reached the figures obtained in the other groups. When we examined the percentage of IFN-γ-, TNF-α- and IL-6-expressing monocytes in patients before and after a dialysis session, before any stimulation, we found that the results were significantly different for the three membranes (p = 0.01). Thus, a dialysis session with polysulfone membranes had no significant effect on the precentages of IFN-γ-, TNF-α-, and IL-6-expressing monocytes, whereas percentages were significantly lower after the dialysis session when using cuprophane or AN69 membranes, suggesting a release of these cytokines by the monocytes during dialysis. A significant number of IFN-γ- and IL-2-expressing T lymphocytes were only detected after 18 hours of PMA/ionomycin stimulation. The percentages of IFN-γ-expressing T cells recorded for the different membranes were not statistically different from those recorded for healthy subjects or pre-dialysis patients, i.e., they were between 11.5 and 20%. However, the percentages of IL-2-expressing T lymphocytes were significantly different between the 5 groups, i.e., 31.3, 30.5, 18.6, 13.9 and 7.6%, respectively, for CUP patients, pre-dialysis patients, healthy volunteers, PS and AN69 patients. This suggests that pre-dialysis and CUP patients have, at baseline, a stimulation of their T lymphocytes. Finally, a 4-hour dialysis session had no impact on the percentages of IL-2-expressing T lymphocytes, whereas it was associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of IFN-γ-expressing cells, but only when cuprophane membranes were used. Conclusion: Cytokine flow cytometry enables one to study, ex vivo, i.e., without any stimulation of the cells, and in vitro after appropriate stimulation, the bio(in)compatibility of dialysis membranes ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo Flow Cytometry Determination of Intracytoplasmic Expression of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in Monocytes and T Lymphocytes, in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

et al. 2000

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“…Plasma IL-6 [56] and IL-1ß [55] levels may increase during dialysis, and dialysis can also activate lymphocytes to release IL-1, IL-2 [57], and TNF-· [58]. Indeed, cytokine production occurs in vitro as a result of the blood-membrane interaction [59].…”

Section: Albumin Metabolism In End-stage Renal Disease (Esrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Albumin Turnover in Renal Disease

Kaysen

1997

Mineral Electrolyte Metab

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Hypoalbuminemia is found in patients both with the nephrotic syndrome and with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated either with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or hemodialysis. In nephrotic patients the primary causes of hypoalbuminemia are urinary albumin losses, an inappropriate increase in the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of albumin and an insufficient increase in the rate of albumin synthesis to replace these losses. Nevertheless, the albumin synthetic rate is increased significantly. In patients on CAPD, albumin losses into the urine and across the peritoneal membrane contribute significantly to hypoalbuminemia. In contrast to nephrotic patients, albumin FCR decreases as serum albumin falls and serum albumin levels are significantly greater than in nephrotic patients with the same external losses of albumin. CAPD patients, like nephrotic patients with normal renal function, can increase albumin synthesis to replace losses. Thus ESRD does not directly suppress albumin synthesis. In contrast, hypoalbuminemia in hemodialysis patients results from reduced albumin synthesis. The cause of decreased albumin synthesis is a combination of response to inflammation (acute-phase response) and, to a lesser extent, inadequate nutrition. There is no evidence that shifts of albumin to the extravascular space or that dilution of the plasma by volume expansion play any role in causing hypoalbuminemia in ESRD or nephrotic patients.

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“…Undoubtedly impaired immunity in hemodialysis (HD) patients is connected with the uremia state per se [3]. However, renal replacement therapy might have an additional influence [5, 6, 7, 8]. The complex network of coexisting causes of immunological disorders in CRF patients on chronic HD is not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complex network of coexisting causes of immunological disorders in CRF patients on chronic HD is not fully understood. Recently, several studies yielded essential information about cytokine profiles and actions in adult uremic patients [2, 4, 7]. There are no data on this subject in children, in which a lot of biological processes proceed in a different manner with regard to the properties of the growing organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentration of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-Alpha and Their Soluble Receptors in Children on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Zwołińska

Medyńska

Szprynger

et al. 2000

Nephron

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In chronic renal failure patients a state of immunodeficiency paradoxically coexists with the activation of immune effector cells, including monocytes and lymphocytes. The activation of these cells leads to the release of cytokines. The aim of this study was to estimate the serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and their soluble receptors: IL-2 sRα, IL-6 sR, sTNF RI in children with chronic renal failure and young adults on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The study included 16 HD patients (11 females, 5 males) aged 11–22 (mean 16.1 ± 3.1) years and a control group of 15 age-matched healthy children. Only the mean concentration of IL-6 was similar in HD patients and the control group. The levels of the other cytokines were significantly higher in patients undergoing HD compared to the healthy subjects. No significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-dialysis values or between the values obtained using various dialyzer membranes. These data suggest that immune cells in HD children are in an activated state and that neither a single dialysis session nor the type of dialyzer membrane has an influence on the cytokines examined.

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Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Hemodialysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Ex vivo Flow Cytometry Determination of Intracytoplasmic Expression of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in Monocytes and T Lymphocytes, in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Ex vivo Flow Cytometry Determination of Intracytoplasmic Expression of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in Monocytes and T Lymphocytes, in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Albumin Turnover in Renal Disease

Serum Concentration of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-Alpha and Their Soluble Receptors in Children on Maintenance Hemodialysis

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