Production of various disinfection byproducts in indoor swimming pool waters treated with different disinfection methods

Liu, Jin; Jun, Myung-Jin; Lee, Man-Ho; Lee, Min-Hwan; Eom, Seog-Won; Zoh, Kyung-Duk

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.09.005

Cited by 101 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There are many studies on chemical contaminants in swimming pools focusing on the occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) [3][4][5][6]. However, some authors have concluded that further researches are needed to evaluate potential health risk not only from DBPs but also from other chemicals occurring in swimming pools [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Micropollutants in Water Samples from Swimming Pool Systems

Lempart

Kudlek

Dudziak

2017

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences

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Abstract:The present study investigated the occurrence of selected micropollutants including emerging contaminants (mainly pharmaceuticals and personal care products-PPCPs) in selected water samples from swimming pool systems. The study area was selected based on the lack of available information regarding the suspected contamination of swimming pools water by PPCPs. The variety and concentration of chemical compounds in these aquatic systems can be quite diversified, presenting a challenge in terms of both purification and quality control. Determination of PPCPs requires very sensitive analytical methods that make it possible to confirm the presence of tested compounds in a complex organic extract. In this field, GC-MS gas chromatography can be used. This system enables to perform Selected Ion Monitoring, which reduces the detection limits of the investigated analyte. This paper aims at presentation of analytical methods and strategies adapted to obtain information on the composition and characteristics of water in swimming pool systems. The sample preparation methodology including solid phase extraction was developed for swimming pool water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Micropollutants in Water Samples from Swimming Pool Systems

Lempart

Kudlek

Dudziak

2017

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences

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“…4 and 0.5-7.0 mg·L −1 , respectively. Similarly, the level of nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) was higher in swimming pool water (6.6-23.8 mg·L −1 ) compared with tap water (1.1-1.9 mg·L −1 ) [3]. Consistently, the reported level of total nitrogen (TN) in drinking water was lower (0.1-0.3 mg·L −1 ) compared with swimming pool water (3.6-12.3 mg·L −1 ) [7,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorination methods for the disinfection of swimming pool water lead to the formation of potentially toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), trihaloacetaldehyde (THAs) and chloramines (CAMs) (Tables A1 and A2: given as Appendix A) [1][2][3][4]. With this awareness, the demand for alternatives to chlorine disinfection has increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alternative methods aimed at improving the quality of swimming pool water are: electrochemically generated mixed oxidants (EGMO) [3,[5][6][7][8], ultraviolet (UV) irradiation [9][10][11][12], UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-based AOPs) such as UV/H 2 O 2 [13], ozone (O 3 ) [14][15][16], and ozone-based AOPs such as O 3 /H 2 O 2 and O 3 /UV [17][18][19]. The use of O 3 and UV irradiation for the disinfection of swimming pool water has been adopted in some cases, though together with chlorine for the provision of a residual disinfectant [20]. However, chlorination methods for disinfection are widely used in practice [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AOPs are still in the research and development phase for the disinfection of swimming pool water [22]. 3 /UV processes for the disinfection of drinking water [23][24][25][26][27][28], a limited number of studies is available on the disinfection of swimming pool water. The use of O 3 /H 2 O 2 and O 3 /UV is reported by Glauner et al [17], and O 3 /UV by Kristensen et al [18] and Cheema et al [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection Methods for Swimming Pool Water: Byproduct Formation and Control

Ilyas¹,

Masih

Hoek

2018

Water

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This paper presents a comprehensive and critical comparison of 10 disinfection methods of swimming pool water: chlorination, electrochemically generated mixed oxidants (EGMO), ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, UV/chlorine, UV/hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), UV/H 2 O 2 /chlorine, ozone (O 3 )/chlorine, O 3 /H 2 O 2 /chlorine, O 3 /UV and O 3 /UV/chlorine for the formation, control and elimination of potentially toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs): trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), trihaloacetaldehydes (THAs) and chloramines (CAMs). The statistical comparison is carried out using data on 32 swimming pools accumulated from the reviewed studies. The results indicate that O 3 /UV and O 3 /UV/chlorine are the most promising methods, as the concentration of the studied DBPs (THMs and HANs) with these methods was reduced considerably compared with chlorination, EGMO, UV irradiation, UV/chlorine and O 3 /chlorine. However, the concentration of the studied DBPs including HAAs and CAMs remained much higher with O 3 /chlorine compared with the limits set by the WHO for drinking water quality. Moreover, the enhancement in the formation of THMs, HANs and CH with UV/chlorine compared with UV irradiation and the increase in the level of HANs with O 3 /UV/chlorine compared with O 3 /UV indicate the complexity of the combined processes, which should be optimized to control the toxicity and improve the quality of swimming pool water.

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