Cementation in construction materials
primarily relies
on the aqueous
precipitation of minerals such as carbonates and silicates. The kinetics
of nucleation and growth play a critical role in the development of
strength and durability, yet our understanding of the kinetic controls
governing phase formation and porosity reduction in cements remains
limited. In this study, we synthesized bisphosphonate molecules with
varying alkyl chain lengths and functional groups to investigate their
impact on calcium carbonate precipitation. Through conductivity measurements,
infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, we uncovered
the selective formation of polymorphs and the specific incorporation
of these molecules within the carbonate matrix. Further, in situ atomic
force microscopy revealed that these molecules influenced the morphology
of the precipitates, indicating a possible effect on the ionic organization
through sorption mechanisms. Interestingly, amorphous calcium carbonate
(ACC), when formed in the presence of bisphosphonates, showed metastability
for at least seven months without inhibiting further calcium carbonate
precipitation. Our research sheds light on the diverse mechanisms
by which organic additives can modify mineral nucleation and growth,
offering valuable insights for the control and enhancement of carbonate-based
cementation processes.