Production of β-Defensin Antimicrobial Peptides by the Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands

Mathews, Michael S; Jia, Hong Peng; Guthmiller, Janet M.; Losh, Garrett; Graham, Scott M.; Johnson, Georgia K.; Tack, Brian F.; McCray, Paul B.

doi:10.1128/iai.67.6.2740-2745.1999

Cited by 349 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…There was no evidence, for technical reasons, for the decreased expression in the inflamed tissues as to our controls. The results from the present and other studies analysing oral keratinocyte and fibroblast cell cultures suggest that the expression of human b-defensins might be restricted to the epithelial compartment of the oral cavity (25,30,31). In future, studies employing immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization should be performed to study the cellular origin of the human b-defensins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The novel human beta‐defensin‐3 is widely expressed in oral tissues

Dunsche

Açil

Dommisch

et al. 2002

European J Oral Sciences

172

160

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of human beta-defensins (hBD), especially of the recently discovered hBD-3, in oral tissues by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primary oral keratinocytes (n = 3) and fibroblasts (n = 3), 64 non-inflamed and 40 inflamed oral tissue samples, and 10 samples of salivary glands, were examined. The transcripts for hBD-3 (61/64), as well as for hBD-1 (64/64) and hBD-2 (54/64), were found to be widely expressed in non-inflamed oral tissues. In contrast, only 23, 22 and 24 of the 40 inflamed tissues showed detectable hBD-1, -2 and -3 transcripts, respectively. In salivary glands, mRNA expression was constitutive for hBD-1, frequent for hBD-2 (9/10), and infrequent for hBD-3 (4/10). Oral keratinocytes, but not fibroblasts, contained transcripts for all beta-defensins, suggesting that the novel hBD-3 is also produced in the epithelial compartment of oral tissues. The results indicate an important role for the novel hBD-3, as well as for hBD-1 and hBD-2, in the innate oral epithelial host defense.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The novel human beta‐defensin‐3 is widely expressed in oral tissues

Dunsche

Açil

Dommisch

et al. 2002

European J Oral Sciences

172

160

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“…5). None of the bacterial stimuli induced detectable hBD-2 production by neutrophils during the different time periods examined [6,12,24 and 48 h (data not shown)]. LL-37 expression from neutrophils were induced by stimulation with A. actinomycetemcomitans and E. corrodens, but not with P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum or P. intermedia.…”

Section: Bacterial Stimulation Induces Production Of Ll-37 But Not Hmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Neutrophils were washed with PBS and resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. In order to examine the bacterial affects on hBD-2 or on LL-37 production by neutrophils, the isolated neutrophils were stimulated with heatkilled bacteria for various periods (6,12,24 and 48 h). The culture supernatants were subjected to ELISA for hBD-2 and LL-37.…”

Section: Isolation and In Vitro Stimulation Of Human Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immune peptide LL-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue

Hosokawa¹,

Hosokawa²,

Komatsuzawa

et al. 2006

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

108

109

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SummaryAnti-microbial peptides produced from mucosal epithelium appear to play pivotal roles in the host innate immune defence system in the oral cavity. In particular, human beta-defensins (hBDs) and the cathelicidin-type antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, were reported to kill periodontal disease-associated bacteria. In contrast to well-studied hBDs, little is known about the expression profiles of LL-37 in gingival tissue. In this study, the anti-microbial peptides expressed in gingival tissue were analysed using immunohistochemistry and enxyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry revealed that neutrophils expressed only LL-37, but not hBD-2 or hBD-3, and that such expression was prominent in the inflammatory lesions when compared to healthy gingivae which showed very few or no LL-37 expressing neutrophils. Gingival epithelial cells (GEC), however, expressed all three examined anti-microbial peptides, irrespective of the presence or absence of inflammation. Moreover, as determined by ELISA, the concentration of LL-37 in the gingival tissue homogenates determined was correlated positively with the depth of the gingival crevice. Stimulation with periodontal bacteria in vitro induced both hBD-2 and LL-37 expressions by GEC, whereas peripheral blood neutrophils produced only LL-37 production, but not hBD-2, in response to the bacterial stimulation. These findings suggest that LL-37 displays distinct expression patterns from those of hBDs in gingival tissue.

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“…hBD-2 is expressed in many epithelia (e.g. skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract and genitourinary tract) and its expression was shown to be induced by cytokines or microbial stimuli (17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). In vivo hBD-2 expression in skin is age and site dependent (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet‐released growth factors induce the antimicrobial peptide human beta‐defensin‐2 in primary keratinocytes

Bayer

Lammel

Rademacher

et al. 2016

Experimental Dermatology

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Platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) and its related clinically used formulations [e.g. Vivostat platelet-rich fibrin (PRF(®) )] are thrombocyte concentrate lysates that support healing of chronic, hard-to-heal and infected wounds. Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is an antimicrobial peptide expressed in human keratinocytes exhibiting potent antimicrobial activity against wound-related bacteria. In this study, we analysed the influence of PRGF on hBD-2 expression in human primary keratinocytes and the influence of Vivostat PRF(®) on hBD-2 expression in experimentally generated skin wounds in vivo. Treatment of primary keratinocytes with PRGF caused a significant increase in hBD-2 gene and protein expressions in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The use of blocking antibodies revealed that the PRGF-mediated hBD-2 induction was partially mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Luciferase gene reporter assays indicated that the hBD-2 induction through PRGF required activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), but not of NF-kappaB. In concordance with these cell culture data, Vivostat PRF(®) induced hBD-2 expression when applied to experimentally generated skin wounds. Together, our results indicate that the induction of hBD-2 by thrombocyte concentrate lysates can contribute to the observed beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic and infected wounds.

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Production of β-Defensin Antimicrobial Peptides by the Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands

Cited by 349 publications

References 36 publications

The novel human beta‐defensin‐3 is widely expressed in oral tissues

The novel human beta‐defensin‐3 is widely expressed in oral tissues

Innate immune peptide LL-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue

Platelet‐released growth factors induce the antimicrobial peptide human beta‐defensin‐2 in primary keratinocytes

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