It is shown that most of the available data on the pp → ppη reaction, including the invariant mass distributions in the pp → ppη reaction recently measured at COSY, can be understood in terms of the partial-wave amplitudes involving final pp S and P states and the η meson s-wave.This finding, together with the fact that results within a meson-exchange model are especially sensitive to the details of the excitation mechanism of the S 11 (1535) resonance, demonstrates the possibility of investigating the properties of this resonance in N N collisions. The spin correlation function C xx is shown to disentangle the S-and P -wave contributions. It is also argued that spin correlations may be used to help constrain the contributions of the amplitudes corresponding to the final pp 3 P 0 and 3 P 2 states. PACS numbers: PACS: 25.10.+s, 1 The primary motivations for studying the production of mesons off nucleons and nuclei are to investigate the structure and properties of the nucleon resonances and to learn about hadron dynamics at short range. As far as hadron-induced reactions are concerned, and specifically nucleon-nucleon (NN) collisions, there is already a wealth of information on the production of the lightest meson, the pion. In particular, there now exists a fairly accurate and complete set of data, especially for π o production in the near-threshold energy region [1], which should allow for a partial wave analysis. The η meson, which is the next lightest non-strange meson in the meson mass spectrum, has also been the subject of considerable interest. A peculiar feature of this meson is that it couples strongly to the S 11 (1535) nucleon resonance, which offers a unique opportunity for investigating the properties of this resonance. Unfortunately, the experimental information on η production in NN collisions [2,3,4,5,6,7] is much less complete than for pion production and is not yet sufficient for a model-independent partial-wave analysis. However, the available data base has greatly expanded recently thanks to measurements by the TOF and COSY-11collaborations at COSY [6,7] that provided, not only η and proton angular distributions, but also pp and pη invariant mass distributions for the reaction pp → ppη. These new data, together with the earlier measurements [2,3,4], open the possibility for investigating this reaction in much more detail than could be done previously.A general feature of meson production in NN collisions is that the energy dependence of the total cross section in the near-threshold region is basically dictated by the available phase space plus the NN final state interaction (FSI) in S states. The effect of the strong NN FSI also shows up in the corresponding NN invariant mass spectrum as a peak close to the threshold value of the invariant mass, m N N = 2m N , where m N denotes the nucleon mass. Surprisingly, the recently measured pp invariant mass distribution in the reaction pp → ppη [6,7] at excess energies of Q = 15 and 41 MeV shows, in addition to a peak very close to the threshol...