Productive performance of simmental dairy cows supplemented with ricinoleic acid from castor oil

Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues; Gil, Paulo César Nunes; Gandra, E.R.S.; Vale, T.A. del; Barletta, Rafael Villela; Zanferari, Filipe; Jesus, Elmeson Ferreira de; Takiya, Caio Seiti; Mingoti, Rafael; Almeida, G. F. de; Paiva, Pablo Gomes de; Gobesso, Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira

doi:10.4321/s0004-05922014000400002

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…According to certain authors, CNSL supplementation has not effect on milk production of dairy cows (Coutinho et al, 2014;Branco et al, 2015). Gandra et al (2014) supplemented dairy cows with ricinoleic acid (a CO component) and found an increase of milk yield.…”

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a blend of functional oils or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows

Jesus

Valle

Calomeni

et al. 2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tCashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil (CO) are considered functional oils since they present antitumor, antioxidant, gastroprotective, and antibiotic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects a commercial blend of functional oils (CNSL and CO) and monensin supplementation on nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition, N utilization, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (150.2 ± 61.4 days in milk, 619 ± 76 kg of BW and 29.1 ± 4.0 kg/d of milk yield, mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design, in which six ruminally cannulated cows were used to assess ruminal fermentation. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatments: control (CON; without additive); 500 mg/kg DM of functional oil (FO; commercial blend of CNSL and CO), and 22 mg/kg DM of monensin sodium (MON). The treatments did not affect either nutrient intake or digestibility of diets. Both feed additives provided an increase in ruminal propionate molar proportion compared to CON. In addition, FO increased ruminal propionate concentration when compared to MON and CON. Although both additives increased (P < 0.01) milk and protein yields, MON had lower milk fat concentration compared to CON, not differing from FO. Monensin and FO increased milk nitrogen excretion.Neither rumen microbial N synthesis nor blood glucose concentration were changed by the supplements. Finally, FO decreased (P < 0.001) blood urea concentration compared to CON or MON, besides increasing milk yield without altering nutrient intake; thus, it might be an alternative to monensin in lactating cow diets.

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Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a blend of functional oils or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows

Jesus

Valle

Calomeni

et al. 2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…Several studies reported that the incorporation of castor oil in diet of ruminants (Gandra et al, 2012(Gandra et al, , 2014Maia et al, 2012a,b;Cruz et al, 2014) did not affect nutrient intake, digestibility, or growth performance. However, the effect of the incorporation of castor oil in the FA composition of milk, particularly the specific FA resultant from the metabolism of ricinoleic acid, has not been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More scarce are the studies on the effects of castor oil on milk FA composition. It was reported that feeding 2 g/d of ricinoleic acid to dairy cows increased milk yield and milk fat content (Gandra et al, 2014); in contrast, Pereira et al (2010) found that inclusion of 3% of castor oil in goats diet reduced milk fat content and density compared with the control. However, neither study reported the milk FA composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Ricinoleic acid is known to have antimicrobial properties (Novak et al, 1961); thus, it has been studied as a possible modulator of ruminal fermentation to be used as an alternative to ionophore additives to improve growth, feed intake, and efficiency. Indeed, inclusion of castor oil in diet of dairy cows (Gandra et al, 2014;de Jesus et al, 2016), bulls (Cruz et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2014), steers (Gandra et al, 2012), sheep (Maia et al, 2012a), or goat kids (Maia et al, 2012b) did not impair nutrient intake, digestibility, or growth performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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New insights on the metabolism of ricinoleic acid in ruminants

Alves

Araujo

Queiroga

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dairy goats were fed a total mixed ration with or without the inclusion of castor oil [40 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] to study the metabolism of ricinoleic acid (12-OH,cis-9-18:1). Ten goats, at 39.7 ± 4.0 d in milk, were individually penned and allocated at random to the 2 experimental diets. Goats were manually milked twice a day. Milk fatty acids (FA) were analyzed as methyl esters and hydroxyl groups were derivatized in trimethylsilyl ethers. Apart from ricinoleic acid, 6 FA were only detected in the milk of the castor oil group. Ricinoleic acid composed 0.3% of total FA in milk of the castor oil group, whereas the hydroxy-FA (8-OH-14:0, 10-OH-16:0, and 12-OH-18:0) and oxo-FA (8-oxo-14:0, 10-oxo-16:0, and 12-oxo-18:0) reached 7.5% of total FA in milk. We anticipate that these FA were derived from the metabolism of ricinoleic acid, although it was not clear if they were produced in the rumen or in the tissues. To confirm that, we conducted in vitro batch incubations repeated for 3 consecutive weeks with castor oil (40 g/kg of DM) and strained rumen fluid from 2 fistulated sheep. To examine the products formed over time, incubation tubes were stopped at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results of the in vitro experiment showed that ricinoleic acid was metabolized in the rumen at a slow rate and the main products formed were 12-OH-18:0 and 12-oxo-18:0, by hydrogenation of the cis-9 double bond, followed by oxidation of the hydroxyl group, respectively. Our results suggest that the 12-OH-18:0 and 12-oxo-18:0 escape rumen and are further metabolized through partial β-oxidation in ruminant tissues. We propose that the 10-OH-16:0 and 8-OH-14:0 found in goat milk of the castor oil group are successive products of the β-oxidation of 12-OH-18:0, and the 10-oxo-16:0 and 8-oxo-14:0 are successive products of the 12-oxo-18:0 in tissues. Overall, our results indicate that ricinoleic acid is extensively metabolized in the rumen and tissues, producing mainly oxo- and hydroxy-FA that are further excreted in milk.

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“…As dietas utilizadas neste estudo eram ricas em carboidratos não fibrosos (média de 58,5%) (Tabela 3), e essa inclusão pode ter desafiado metabolicamente os animais promovendo redução no CMS (% PV) em decorrência do uso de OF na dieta, divergindo dos relatos da literatura (BENCHAAR et al, 2008;KUNG et al, 2008;. Essa redução pode estar relacionada com a capacidade antimicrobiana do OF e possível seleção de bactérias produtoras de propionato no rúmen, como já relatado por Gandra et al (2014), que avaliou o desempenho de vacas leiteiras Simental suplementadas com 2 g/dia de ácido ricinoleico na dieta e obteve redução de 12% no CMS comparado ao tratamento CTL, valor esse, superior aos 6,5% observado no presente estudo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeito dos teores de fibra e da adição de monensina ou óleo funcional no desempenho e emissão de metano de bovinos Nelore em terminação

Magnani¹

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Aos meus pais Sergio e Odete,Meus exemplos de vida, perseverança, determinação e coragem, de caráter inigualável, responsável por tudo que sou, sempre me dando grandes ensinamentos. Ao meu marido Rodrigo,Por ser meu companheiro, pelo carinho e amor. Por toda sua compreensão, paciência e apoio durante todos os momentos de nossas vidas. Ao meu querido e amado filho João Pedro,Que me orgulha pela sua generosidade e sabedoria, que me proporciona muita paz, alegria e força para enfrentar as dificuldades da vida, sempre me inspirando na busca de ser cada vez melhor. DEDICO AGRADECIMENTOSAgradeço primeiramente a Deus, que sempre ilumina meu caminho e minhas escolhas.A meus pais, irmão, cunhada e sobrinhos por nunca duvidarem do meu potencial, estando sempre ao meu lado, me ajudando a superar todos os obstáculos sem nunca medir esforços para essa realização.Ao meu marido, por ser meu melhor e mais fiel amigo, sei que essa batalha não foi só minha e sem você seria impossível essa realização.Ao meu amado filho, saiba que você foi o maior incentivo para eu querer e conseguir ir cada vez mais longe.Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Paulo Roberto Leme pela confiança, incentivo e pelos valiosos ensinamentos, saiba que foi uma enorme satisfação ter a oportunidade de conhecer e trabalhar com um profissional tão integro.A minha co-orientadora, Dra. Renata Helena Branco Arnandes, pelo apoio e sugestões para elaboração e execução deste projeto.À Fundação de Amparo e Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo -FAPESP, pela concessão da bolsa e auxílio à pesquisa (Processo-2013/21695-7). Sem dúvida, isto foi determinante para a qualidade do trabalho e qualificação profissional da bolsista.A empresa Oligobasic pelo apoio financeiro ao projeto.A todos os funcionários, alunos e pesquisadores do Instituto de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho, pela amizade, confiança e apoio, em especial ao Sr. José Furtado, Flávio Franchini, Robson e Nena por terem me ajudado no dia a dia do experimento, saibam que vocês foram fundamentais.Aos colegas de trabalho Paulo, Jeferson, Julia, Luara, Gabi, Guilherme, Aska, Túlio, André, Bianca e em especial a minha parceira Laura muito obrigada pela ajuda.A Aniely, pessoa incrível que conheci nesse período, não so por me ajudar com todas minhas análises, mas principalmente por se tornar uma grande amiga. A média da emissão de metano (g.dia) do tratamento com uso de OF foi menor que a média do tratamento com uso de MON, sendo 14% essa diferença, entretanto, a emissão de metano (g.kg MS) e emissão de metano em porcentagem do consumo de energia bruta foi menor com uso de MON. O aumento na inclusão dos níveis de FDNf ocasionou efeito linear crescente na emissão de metano (g.dia) e CH4/GMD (g.kg), sendo que o aumento de 1% de FDNf na dieta, proporcionou acréscimo de 6,7% na emissão de CH4 (g.dia). O uso de MON promoveu aumento de 5% no peso vivo final e peso vivo vazio, comparado ao uso de OF, com incremento de 15% no GMD, entretanto, sem diferir na eficiência alimentar. Os animais do tratamento MON apresentaram maior espessura de gordura ...

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Productive performance of simmental dairy cows supplemented with ricinoleic acid from castor oil

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Influence of a blend of functional oils or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows

Influence of a blend of functional oils or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production of dairy cows

New insights on the metabolism of ricinoleic acid in ruminants

Efeito dos teores de fibra e da adição de monensina ou óleo funcional no desempenho e emissão de metano de bovinos Nelore em terminação

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