Productivité des brebis Timahdite et croisées D’man x Timahdite en station et chez les éleveurs au Maroc

Abstract

L’étude a porté sur la comparaison des productivités des brebis Timahdite et croisées D’man x Timahdite (DxT) en station et chez quatre éleveurs privés pratiquant le croisement industriel. Ainsi, une dizaine de brebis gravides DxT nées à la station ont été cédées à chaque éleveur. Au total, 131 performances de reproduction des brebis Timahdite et croisées DxT, et 188 performances de croissance et de viabilité des agneaux issus du croisement entre ces brebis et des béliers de race Ile-de-France ont été analysées. Les performances de reproduction des brebis DxT ont été supérieures à celles des brebis Timahdite, sauf pour le poids de portée à 70 jours. La taille de portée à la naissance, à 70 jours et le poids de portée à la naissance des brebis DxT ont été respectivement de 0,49 agneau, 0,32 agneau et 0,29 kg plus élevés que ceux des brebis Timahdite. Cependant, ces écarts ont été plus importants dans les élevages privés qu’en station. Les poids de portée à 70 jours des deux types génétiques n’ont pas été statistiquement différents. Pour les performances de croissance des agneaux, la race de la mère n’a eu d’effet significatif que sur le poids à 70 jours. Les agneaux issus de mères Timahdite ont pesé en moyenne 2,60 kg de plus que les agneaux nés de mères DxT. La différence entre ces deux catégories d’agneaux a été plus élevée en station (3,30 kg) que chez les éleveurs privés (1,6 kg). En conclusion, les brebis DxT ont réalisé chez les éleveurs des performances généralement plus élevées que les brebis Timahdite qui sont souvent utilisées comme support de croisement.

Productivity of Timahdite and D’man × Timahdite ewes lambing in the autumn, spring and summer in Morocco

“…Boujenane and Kansari [6] had reported differences of 0.38 and 0.27 lamb for litter size at birth and at weaning, respectively between ewes of the same genetic groups lambing in the autumn season. Moreover, the superiority of D'man crossbred ewes compared to Timahdite ewes for litter size at birth and at 90 days is consistent with the results of Boujenane et al [5], Boujenane and Kansari [7] and El Fadili et al [10] who found that the difference for litter size between 1/2-D'man and local ewes lambing in the autumn is more than 0.4 lamb.…”

“…Its breeding season extends from May to December [12]. D'man crossbred ewes were evaluated during the normal lambing season (November-January) and found to perform better than local breeds [5][6][7]10]. However, it is not known if this superiority is maintained during the other lambing seasons.…”

Reproduction and Growth Performance of the Algerian Tazegzawt Sheep Breed

“…Under favorable breeding conditions, this breed reaches a mean post-weaning weight (age at 180 days) of 37.08 ± 5.16 kg (37.71 ± 5.65 kg in the male and 36.38 ± 4.62 kg in the female). The weight at birth of lambs in this breed is largely important compared to other breeds : 3.5 kg in OuledDjellal (IANOR, 2007), 4 kg in Rembi (IANOR, 2013), 3.1 kg in Hamra (IANOR, 2007), 2.60 kg in the D'man breed (Mahouachi et al,2004), 3.7 kg in the Sardi breed (Boujenane et al,2001), 3, 72 kg in the Timahdite breed (Boujenane and Kansari, 2005), 2.8 kg in Ile-de-France (Boujenane, 2005) and comparable to that of the Moroccan breed Boujaâd : 4.95 kg (El Amiri et al, 2010), of the Awassi breed from the Middle East : 4.3 kg (Kridli et al,2006), the Mexican Blackbelly breed : 4.5 kg (Herrera-Alarcón et al,2007). The growth performance achieved by lambs of the Tazegzawt breed is comparable to that of other local breeds in Algeria.…”

“…However, the results of this study are well above the mean values reported by Kerfal et al(2005) in the D'man breed : 7.69 kg and 19.8 kg at 30 and 90 days, respectively, by Rekik et al (2008) in the same breed : 3.4 Kg, 5.9 Kg, 11.4 Kg, 13.1 Kg, at 10, 30, 70 and 90 days, respectively, with a ADGs of 100 g/d between the age of 10 and 30 days, by Chikhi and Boujenane (2003) in the Sardi breed, the most important Moroccan breed : 10.9 kg, 22.5 kg and 35.7 kg at 30, 90 and 180 days, respectively with a ADGs of 224 g/d between 0-30 days and 194 g/d between 30 and 90 days and by Boujenane and Kansari (2005) in the Timahditebreed : 9.56 kg and 17.9 kg at 30 days and 70 days respectively.…”

“…The results obtained are near to the rates calculated from the results of surveys by Hambli and Tazarat, (2003) in the Tazegzawt breed: 72% and 154%, for fertility and prolificacy, respectively. Under the same breeding conditions, the ewe's fertility recorded in this study is comparable to that of the standards of local sheep breeds : 89% for OuledDjellal (IANOR, 2007a), 90% for Rembi, (IANOR, 2013), 86% for the Hamra breed (IANOR, 2007b), of the Black Tunisian race of Thibar : 90.5% (Hammami et al, 2014), of the Boujaâd breed : 89%, (El Fadili, 2008) and of the BeniGuil breed : 91% (El Fadili, 2009).Nevertheless, the Tazegzawt ewe is less fertile than the Sardi breed : 98% (Chikhi and Boujenane, 2003), while the prolificacy is much higher compared to the OuledDjellal breed : 110% (IANOR, 2007a), Rembi: 115% (IANOR, 2013), Hamra : 115% (IANOR, 2007b), Sardi : 129% (Chikhi and Boujenane, 2003), Boujaâd : 109% (El Fadili, 2009), Black Tunisian Thibar: 120% (Hammami et al, 2014), the Merino breed of Rambouillet : 123% (Anonymous, 2010) and Timahdite: 105% (Boujenane and Kansari, 2005) but comparable to that of Lacaune : 175% (Babo, 2000).…”