Productivity and grain quality of alternate wheat varieties and early-ripening winter crops at different sowing dates in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

Abstract

Successful breeding of spring wheat varieties that are productive, have high grain quality, and are well adapted to Siberian conditions depends on the availability and knowledge of the source material. In this regard, the purpose of the research: to study the influence of the timing of sowing early ripe varieties of winter wheat and winter wheat varieties of alternate wheat on the yield and quality of grain in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Methods. There were used in the study of generally accepted methods in the State Variety Test. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region, new varieties of early ripening winter wheat Rannyaya 12, Skorospelka 3b, Starshina and alternate wheat varieties Pallada, Lastochka. Results. In 2022–2023 we studied on the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals the influence of pre-winter and early spring sowing dates on the yield and quality of grain. It was established that during winter sowing (October 15) and early spring (April 22), the studied wheat varieties grew and developed normally. At the same time, they formed a well-developed leaf surface, of medium height, and straw resistant to lodging. In both years of research, the studied varieties ripened in the third ten days of August. The yield with winter sowing was 59.5–71.0 c/ha, for the spring standard variety Ikar – 41.9, with early spring sowing – 51.2–65.4 c/ha, for the standard variety 35.3. Productivity was combined with grain quality: protein content – 14.5–16.4 %, gluten – 29.0–34.2 %. The wheat varieties under study must be used in hybridization with spring varieties, as well as seed propagation must continue to establish a production test.