Productivity and profitability of rice-freshwater prawn culture in different stocking density of prawn

Abstract

Integrated farming of fish and rice is a form of rational use of limited land resources. The rice-fish culture has been developed in several countries, especially in Asian countries. This is because rice and fish are important commodities for Asian people. Rice-fish culture can provide almost three times the benefits compared to paddy fields that are only planted with rice alone. The system is environmentally friendly, low cost, low risk, and also provides a source of animal protein food for the community. Indonesia not only develops rice-fish culture but also rice-freshwater prawn culture. In 2014, the Fish Breeding Research Institute produced a strain of fast-growing giant prawn called GI Macro II (Genetic Improvement of Macrobrachium rosenbergii II). The use of GI Macro II giant prawns in the rice - prawn system is expected to increase the production of giant prawns. This research was conducted to determine the optimal density of giant prawns in the rice - prawn culture system. We hypothesize that using an optimal stocking density will increase the productivity of rice and giant prawns. This research was conducted in March-November 2016 in four locations in Pakem District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Trenches for giant prawns culture were made around the paddy fields to achieve a ratio of 20% of the paddy field. The size of the trenches was 1 m in wide and a minimum depth of 50 cm, and the main trench with a width of 3-4 m which contained a harvest basin was made. Giant prawn seeds stocked have a total length of 5.8 ± 1.09 cm or weight of 2.2 ± 1.42 g. The depth of the puddle in the paddy field was less than 5 cm in the vegetative phase and more than 10 cm in the generative phase until harvesting. After 14 days of rice planting, giant prawn seeds were spread into prepared trenches. The treatment consisted of two levels of stocking density of giant prawns, 10 ind/m2 and 15 ind/m2. Density at 10 ind/m2 yielded higher growth and survival (1.76 ± 0.39% BW/day & 62.53 ± 17.43%) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.04 ± 0.38) compared with density of 15 ind/m2 (1.3 ± 0.20% BW/day; 46.3 ± 4.28%; and 1.66 ± 0.49%). Production of rice and prawns in an area of 1000 m2 with a density of 10 ind/m2 were 698 kg of rice and 112 kg of giant prawns. As for the stocking density of 15 ind/m2, rice production was 795 kg and prawns were 107 kg. The benefit obtained from the stocking density of 10 ind/m2 was IDR 5,037,000 with a B/C ratio of 1.7. As for the stocking density of 15 ind/m2, the benefit obtained was IDR 3,942,000 with a B/C ratio of 1.1. Thus, stocking density of 10 ind/m2 produces higher prawn production and higher profits than stocking density of 15 ind/m2.

PERTUMBUHAN, KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP, DAN PERFORMA PRODUKSI UDANG GALAH, Macrobrachium rosenbergii HASIL SELEKSI PADA TIGA SEGMEN BUDIDAYA

“…Teknologi budidaya udang galah sudah terkuasai dengan baik, dengan biaya produksi relatif rendah karena tidak mengharuskan penggunaan pakan dengan kandungan protein tinggi. Udang galah juga bersifat omnivorus sehingga dapat dibudidayakan bersama padi (Nair et al, 2013;Dewi et al, 2020). Namun demikian, budidaya udang galah dihadapkan pada permasalahan maturasi dini dan pertumbuhan lambat sehingga menghambat capaian ukuran udang sesuai kebutuhan pasar dan menambah biaya produksi (Khasani et al, 2010;Wijaya et al, 2020).…”

Growth, survival rate, and reproductive performance of two superior strains of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

“…The economically important freshwater prawn has several numbers of advantages aspect to be cultured, including high tolerance to a wide salinity range, 0-15 ‰ (Hadie, 2015), omnivorous feeding habit (low protein requirement in their feed), high market demand (Zafar et al, 2015). Therefore, the GFP can be cultured in inland ponds, brackish water ponds, pen culture, and paddy fields (Nair et al, 2013;Dewi et al, 2020). The world production of giant prawns has increased from 203,028 tons in 2013 (FAO 2016) to 234,400 tons in 2018(FAO, 2020.…”

Growth, resistance to vibriosis, and tolerance to stressors of the selected giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii seeds

“…The GFP has several advantages aspect to be cultured, including high tolerance to a wide salinity range, 0-15 ‰ [3,4], omnivorous feeding habit with low protein requirement in their feed [5], and high market demand [6]. Therefore, the GFP can be cultured in inland ponds, pen culture, paddy fields, and brackish water ponds [7,8]. The GFP has been developed in several countries in the world, e.g.…”