Productivity and Quality Indicators of Winter Wheat Grain Under Different Schemes of Application of Micronutrients and Growth Stimulants in the Conditions of the Middle Volga Region

Abstract

The research was carried out to study the effect of water softener, biostimulants, macro- and microfertilizers on the yield and quality characteristics of winter wheat grain. The work was carried out in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2018–2020 on leached chernozems. The experiment was carried out according to the scheme: water softener (factor A) - there is no softener, Pekacid water conditioner; growth stimulants and trace elements (factor B) - without the use of drugs, Nutrivant, Stimax, Carbamide, Stimax + Carbamide, Stimax + Nutrivant, Nutrivant + Carbamide, Stimax + Nutrivant + Carbamide. Foliar treatment of winter wheat crops with the growth stimulator Stimaks together with a fertilizer containing microelements, against the background of mineral fertilizers applied by the calculation method to obtain 5 tons of grain per 1 ha, ensured the formation of high yields. The maximum yield in the experiment (5.72 t/ha) was noted in the variant with the use of a three-component tank mixture Stimax + Nutrivant + Urea using Pekacid. The use of a water softener increased the yield of grain in all variants of the experiment. The increase in the control was 0.06 t/ha, and the maximum (0.13 t/ha) was in the variant with the treatment of crops with a mixture of Stimaks + Nutrivant + Urea. The combined use of microfertilizers and growth stimulants when feeding plants in the tillering phase (by spraying) of winter wheat led to an improvement in grain quality. The largest increase in gluten in the experiment (3.3%) was noted in the variant with the tank mixture Stimaks + Nutrivant + Urea and the use of a water conditioner. The highest (27.8%) gluten content was noted in the favorable year 2018 when using the mentioned three-component tank mixture. The increase, compared with the option without drugs, is 2.2%. The use of each drug separately reduced the yield and quality of grain.