Productivity of spelt depending on fertilizer types, their combination and terms of nitrogen fertilizers application

Abstract

The height of attachment of the cob and the number of leaves on the main stem was observed slightly lower, but positive relationship (r = 0.65-0.61). Yield capacity and mass of cob was related by strong positive relation r = 0,74 in 2018 and mediumr = 0,47in 2017. Reliable and stable connections of medium strength were found between the number of days from germination to flowering of cobs and full maturity (r = 0,52-0,77). This proves that in breeding for early ripeness, preference should be given to lines with early periods of flowering cobs. Attention deserve indicator of the height of attachment of the cob, this trait is associated with resistance to lodging of stem and suitability of corn for mechanized harvesting. Literature data points that optimal height of attachment of cob is 50-70 cm. It was established that height of attachment of low cob has significant medium correlation with quantity of leaves on main stem (r = 0,65-0,61) and yield capacity (r = 0,54-0,60).One of important characteristic of yield considers mass of 1000 grains. Conducted research points on presence positive but not significant correlation (on 95% level) and in 2017-2018 reached an average (r = 0,49-0,43) level.It was established that lines which were involved in scheme of dialeal crosses has strong differed from each other both on specific combination ability and it stability in different years. Most stable and high manifestation of specific combination ability on yield capacity provides lines Um 331 and Um 337 that give us possibility to use them as valuable components for creation of single high productive hybrids. Lowest indicators was fixed in Co125 (from -0,58 to -0,79). That is higher or lower value of specific combination ability in largely dependent from genotype of inbred lines and their specific reaction on condition of growing.

Урожайність Та Хлібопекарські Властивості Зерна Пшениці Озимої При Різних Дозах І Строках Застосування Азотних Добрив

“…Відомо, що пшениця озима відноситься до культур, що вимагають для формування врожаю значної кількості елементів живлення і добре реагує на внесення мінеральних добрив, особливо азотних. За даними учених [1,2], частка азоту у прирості врожаю становить близько 50-55 %. Питання застосування різних доз і строків азотних добрив вивчалось багатьма вітчизняними та іноземними ученими [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], проте більшість досліджень було проведено 1970-1980 років.…”