Productivity of winter triticale depending on type of tillage in crop rotation

Abstract

In recent years, cereals have been increasingly grown in simplified crop rotations. The aim of the study was to determine the grain yield of winter triticale cultivars Cerber, Alekto and Fredro under plow or plowless tillage systems and different crop rotations. A three-year study was conducted at the Experimental Station of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute in Puławy, Poland. The yield of winter triticale depended on the weather conditions, crop rotations, method of tillage, and genetic factor. Under optimal rainfall, higher yields of winter triticale grain were obtained under ploughing. The grain yield was higher by 15 % compared to the simplified cultivation. In the crop rotation with a small percentage of cereals, the highest level of triticale yields was recorded, while lower triticale yields were obtained in the crop rotation with a large percentage of cereals. In plough cultivation conditions cvs. Cerber and Alekto showed higher yields (8.31 and 6.78 t•ha-1), whereas in simplified cultivation lower grain yield was (6.09 t•ha-1) cv.Fredro. Grain monoculture contributed to lowering the level of winter triticale yield.

Chemical composition of winter triticale grain depending on type of tillage in crop rotation

“…Nitrogen concentration in grains in 2016 was found to be by 15 % and 18 % higher than in the other two years (Table 1). Total precipitation in the growing season of 2015/2016 was lower and had a higher average air temperature compared to the long-term average [10]. Sodium concentration in triticale grains was similar to the nitrogen concentration (Table 3).…”

“…On the other hand, the year 2015, which saw an average air temperature in April, May, and June at the level of long-term mean, but slightly warmer March and July, had a positive effect on the accumulation of potassium and calcium in the grains (Table 2, 3). The 2014/2015 growing season was characterized by 25 % lower precipitation compared to the long-term average [10]. In the harvest year 2015, a 13-14 % increase in the potassium concentration in the grains and a 22 % and 75 % increase in calcium compared to 2016 and 2013, respectively, were recorded ( Table 2, 3).…”

“…The concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium in grain showed different tendencies (Table 1, 2). Their highest concentrations were found in the year (2013) with much higher precipitation compared to the long-term average [10]. According to Bielski [15], plants accumulate phosphorus in their grains better under favorable humidity conditions.…”

“…Nevertheless, a more optimal layout of temperatures and precipitation was recorded in 2016. The course of weather conditions has been described in detail in the scientific study by Jaskiewicz et al [10].…”

“…Earlier studies [4;10-13] show that the quality of triticale grains depends on the genetic, agro technical and environmental factors. Research by Jaskiewicz [14], and Jaskiewicz et al [10] indicates that the yields of winter triticale cultivars depend on the tillage method and the percentage of cereals in the sowing structure.…”