Products of conversion of sulfur-rich native asphaltite in supercritical water

Effect of temperature on bitumen conversion in a supercritical water flow

“…A greater yield of light hydrocarbon fractions with the H/C atomic ratio higher than that of raw HCF has been obtained. However, as it follows from the results of the studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], the yield of the conversion products depends not only on H/C atomic ratio in raw HCF and conversion conditions (temperature and density of SCW), but also on the process mode.…”

“…The N/C atomic ratios in the bitumen oil and oils extracted from LP appear to be similar, while the N/C ratio in resins and asphaltenes increases from 0.01 to 0.03 along with increasing the temperature (Table 4). It means that the nitrogen atoms are mainly located in the resistant to thermolysis polyaromatic structural units [2] that are concentrated in asphaltenes and resins at SCW conversion [13,14,19]. This leads to increase in their N/C atomic ratio with increasing the temperature.…”

“…The major part of the results on SCW conversion of HCFs was obtained in the autoclaves [11][12][13]15,[17][18][19][20][21]. The disadvantage of the autoclave conversion without stirrers is a slow diffusive dissolution of the HCF high molecular components in SCW.…”

“…Numerous studies have been carried out on the SCW conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as bitumen [7,8], oil sand bitumen [9,10], asphalt [11], asphaltite [12][13][14], vacuum residue [15][16][17], high-temperature coal tar [18], petroleum [19,20] and coal-tar [21] asphaltenes. A greater yield of light hydrocarbon fractions with the H/C atomic ratio higher than that of raw HCF has been obtained.…”

Zinc sulfidation by H2S and H2S/H2O supercritical fluids: Synthesis of nanoparticles and catalytic effect of water

“…Our interest in the study of zinc sulfidation is caused, first of all, by the possibility of using zinc for desulphurization and hydrogenation of low-grade fuels (oil shale [8], bitumen [9,10], oil sand bitumen [11], asphalt [12], asphaltite [13][14][15], and coal [16]) during their conversion in supercritical water (T cr = 374 • C, P cr = 22.1 MPa [17]). When zinc is added, hydrogenation of fuels is possible owing to hydrogen evolution during zinc oxidation by supercritical water [10,15,16].…”