Products of neptunian eruptions

Allen, Sharon; McPhie, Jocelyn

doi:10.1130/g30007a.1

Cited by 68 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hot pumice clasts are efficiently waterlogged when quenched on contact with water (Whitham and Sparks, 1986;Allen et al, 2008), and can be deposited under water from subaqueous volcaniclastic density currents derived from subaerial pyroclastic flows that entered water (Whitham and Sparks, 1986;Freundt, 2003), or from subaqueous explosive eruptions (Allen and McPhie, 2009;Jutzeler et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Implications For Transport and Depositional Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain-size distribution of volcaniclastic rocks 2: Characterizing grain size and hydraulic sorting

Jutzeler

McPhie

Allen

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Proussevitch, A.A.. 2015 Grain-size distribution of volcaniclastic rocks 2: Characterizing grain size and hydraulic sorting. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.05.019 (In Press) Contact NOC NORA team at publications@noc.soton.ac.ukThe NERC and NOC trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ÔØ Å ÒÙ× Ö ÔØ A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Highlights:Functional stereology is efficient to interpret sedimentation mechanisms Simple hydraulic sorting ratios allow inference on styles of deposition Transport and deposition mechanisms can be evaluated from pumiceous rocksModes are more adequate than median to characterize sediment grain size Keywords:Stereology; Image analysis; Hydraulic sorting; Hydraulic equivalence, Grain size distribution; Volcaniclastic rock; Clastic rock; Ohanapecosh; Dogashima; Manukau; Sierra La Primavera. sorting ratios can be applied to any type of clastic rocks, and indifferently on consolidated and unconsolidated samples. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Section: Implications For Transport and Depositional Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain-size distribution of volcaniclastic rocks 2: Characterizing grain size and hydraulic sorting

Jutzeler

McPhie

Allen

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…The dense clast facies is thus an accumulation of clasts that were too heavy to be held in turbulent suspension in the subaerial explosions, subaqueous turbulent mixing zone, and over-water, pyroclastic density currents. It is analogous to the coignimbrite, coarse, proximal, lithic lag breccias of Walker (1985) and the neptunian lithic breccia of Allen and McPhie (2009), which accumulate at the base of collapsing turbulent eruption columns. The finer-grained base is thought to form by smaller clasts settling through the framework of coarse clasts.…”

Section: Transport and Depositional Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Turbulent mixing in water provides the means to sort pumice lapilli from co-erupted ash and dense pyroclasts in order to form pumice breccia. This turbulent mixing can occur within submarine explosive eruption columns, where subaerial pyroclastic flows enter the shoreline, during littoral steam explosions or during transport in watersupported turbidity currents (Freundt 2003;Dufek et al 2007;Allen and McPhie 2009).…”

Section: Significance Of Submarine Pumice Brecciamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of submarine pumice-rich density current deposits sourced from turbulent mixing of subaerial pyroclastic flows at the shoreline: field and experimental assessment

2011

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This study investigates the types of subaqueous deposits that occur when hot pyroclastic flows turbulently mix with water at the shoreline through field studies of the Znp marine tephra in Japan and flume experiments where hot tephra sample interacted with water. The Znp is a very thick, pumice-rich density current deposit that was sourced from subaerial pyroclastic flows entering the Japan Sea in the Pliocene. Notable characteristics are well-developed grain size and density grading (lithic-rich base, pumice-rich middle, and ash-rich top), preponderance of sedimentary lithic clasts picked up from the seafloor during transport, fine ash depletion in coarse facies, and presence of curviplanar pumice clasts. Flume experiments provide a framework for interpreting the origin and proximity to source of the Znp tephra. On contact of hot tephra sample with water, steam explosions produced a gas-supported pyroclastic density current that advanced over the water while a water-supported density current was produced on the tank floor from the base of a turbulent mixing zone. Experimental deposits comprise proximal lithic breccia, medial pumice breccia, and distal fine ash. Experiments undertaken with cold, water-saturated slurries of tephra sample and water did not produce proximal lithic breccias but a medial basal lithic breccia beneath an upper pumice breccia. Results suggest the characteristics and variations in Znp facies were strongly controlled by turbulent mixing and quenching, proximity to the shoreline, and depositional setting within the basin. Presence of abundant curviplanar pumice clasts in submarine breccias reflects brittle fracture and dismembering that can occur during fragmentation at the vent or during quenching. Subsequent transport in water-supported pumiceous density currents preserves the fragmental textures. Careful study is needed to distinguish the products of subaerial versus subaqueous eruptions.

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“…Felsic eruptions are also common along submarine volcanic arcs, from effusive dome growth and spalling of the pumiceous Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_24-1 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 carapace to low -moderate explosive cone-forming eruptions and likely catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions (Fiske et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2003). Subaqueous eruptions are poorly understood for several reasons, most notably the lack of witnessed eruptions, but it is clear from theory and seafloor exploration with submergence vehicles that increasing hydrostatic pressure has a profound effect on limiting explosivity (e.g., Allen and McPhie 2009). In the last decade remote sensing methods together with some good luck has led to the observations of both basaltic and felsic submarine eruptions (e.g., West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin (Resing et al, 2011; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= xRaEcGHHsVY), NW Rota in the Mariana Arc (Chadwick et al, 2008; https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Cz4niudHwMs); Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc, NZ (Carey et al, 2014;Fig.…”

Section: Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Magmatism at Convergent Plate Boundaries

Stern¹

2015

Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences

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Products of neptunian eruptions

Cited by 68 publications

References 28 publications

Grain-size distribution of volcaniclastic rocks 2: Characterizing grain size and hydraulic sorting

Grain-size distribution of volcaniclastic rocks 2: Characterizing grain size and hydraulic sorting

Characteristics of submarine pumice-rich density current deposits sourced from turbulent mixing of subaerial pyroclastic flows at the shoreline: field and experimental assessment

Magmatism at Convergent Plate Boundaries

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