Products of the OH radical-initiated gas-phase reaction of fluorene in the presence of NOx

Helmig, Detlev; Arey, Janet; Atkinson, Roger; Harger, William P.; McElroy, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90071-r

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Chemical analyses showed the presence in the HPLC fraction 4 of 1-and 2-nitronaphthalene from naphthalene (19) and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrofluorene (with 3-nitrofluorene being the dominant isomer) from fluorene (19,58). Use of the mutagenic activities of the nitronaphthalenes and nitrofluorenes (19) showed that the nitronaphthalenes, in particular 2-nitronaphthalene, accounted for approximately 90% of the activity of fraction 4 of the naphthalene reaction products and that the nitrofluorenes, in particular 3-nitrofluorene, accounted for approximately 75% of the activity of fraction 4 of the fluorene reaction products (19).…”

Section: Contribution Of Pah Transformation Products To Ambient Direcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific nitro-PAH isomers formed from the gas-phase OH radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene (52), 1-and 2-methylnaphthalene (11), biphenyl (12,52), acenaphthene (12), acenaphthylene (12), fluorene (58), phenanthrene (12), anthracene (12), acephenanthrylene (55), fluoranthene (9,14), and pyrene (9,14), as well as their product yields, are given in Table 3. It should be noted that the nitrofluoranthenes and nitropyrenes formed from the gas-phase …”

Section: H-chohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reactions of the 2-to 4-ring PAH and 2-ring nitro-PAH that may be important in the atmosphere have been studied experimentally under laboratory conditions (9,(11)(12)(13)(14)19,20,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59). The kinetic and product data from these studies, combined with our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of other classes of organic compounds (30,32), allow a reasonably consistent, though still incomplete, understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of the 2-to 4-ring PAH and 2-ring nitro-PAH.…”

Section: Laboratory Studies Of Atmospheric Reactions Of Pah and Formamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is interesting that the nitro-PAH account for 5% or less of the products of the gas-phase OH radical-initiated reactions of the 2-to 4-ring PAH (Table 3) and 10% or less of the ambient air particlephase, direct-acting mutagenicity. Environmental chamber studies of the gasphase, OH radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene have been carried out (19,20,58,59), with 2000-to 4000-L volume gas samples being collected from the chamber for HPLC fractionation with subsequent mutagenicity testing (using the microsuspension modification of the standard plate incorporation assay) and chemical analysis by GC-MS. The mutagrams obtained from these chamber OH radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene are shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Contribution Of Pah Transformation Products To Ambient Direcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Chemistry of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Formation of Atmospheric Mutagens

Atkinson¹,

Arey²

1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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129

150

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The atmospheric chemistry of the 2-to 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which exist mainly in the gas phase in the atmosphere, is discussed. The dominant loss process for the gas-phase PAH is by reaction with the hydroxyl radical, resulting in calculated lifetimes in the atmosphere of generally less than one day. The hydroxyl (OH) radical-initiated reactions and nitrate (NO3) radical-initiated reactions often lead to the formation of mutagenic nitro-PAH and other nitropolycyclic aromatic compounds, including nitrodibenzopyranones. These atmospheric reactions have a significant effect on ambient mutagenic activity, indicating that health risk assessments of combustion emissions should include atmospheric transformation products. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4): 117-126 (1994).

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Section: Contribution Of Pah Transformation Products To Ambient Direcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H-chohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Studies Of Atmospheric Reactions Of Pah and Formamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution Of Pah Transformation Products To Ambient Direcmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Atmospheric Chemistry of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Formation of Atmospheric Mutagens

Atkinson¹,

Arey²

1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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129

150

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“…However, because 1.40 ng/m 3 in January, 2014, it may be presumed that the concentrations of 1,8-NA in winter will be the highest among all seasons. Oxidation reactions of PAHs in the atmosphere are mainly initiated through reaction with these radicals, which are present in high concentrations in summer [14,19,20], as well as atmospheric oxidation of PAHs [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Size Distribution Of Pahs In Urban Atmospheric Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the size-segregated distribution of 37 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmospheric fine particles of Japan

Wang

Kobayashi

Zhou

et al. 2014

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The size-segregated distribution and seasonal concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban suspended particulate matter (SPM) at the Japan national route 463 in the urban of Saitama city, Japan were investigated using an Andersen high-volume air sampler. Air sampling was carried out from June 2013 to January 2014. 37 species of toxic PAHs such as benzo [j] [a,l]pyrene were measured. It was found that the average concentration of 37 species of particulate PAHs including methyl-PAHs, benzothiophenes and oxy-PAHs from atmospheric oxidation of PAHs collected in the urban of Saitama city was 3.42 to 6.51 ng/m 3 during 2013 sampling campaign periods. 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (1,8-NA) showed the highest concentration among 37 species of PAHs. The concentrations of high molecular PAHs, which were found in all seasons, followed different size distribution, especially with the highest peak in fine particle sizes around 1.1 μm. The concentrations of low-molecular PAHs were not much different with particle sizes. The toxicity analysis indicated that the carcinogenic potency of particulate PAHs primarily existed in the particle size below 1.1 μm. 37 species of PAHs in urban atmospheric fine particles were not only derived from vehicle emission with long range transportation, but also produced by local other anthropogenic sources.

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Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of indan, indene, fluorene, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene with OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3

Kwok

Atkinson

Arey

1997

Int. J. Chem. Kinet.

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The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals, NO 3 radicals, and O 3 with indan, indene, fluorene, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene have been studied at 297 Ϯ 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. The rate constants, or upper limits thereof, for the O 3 reactions were (in cm 3 molecule Ϫ1 s Ϫ1 units): indan, Ͻ 3 ϫ 10 Ϫ19 ; indene, (1.7 Ϯ 0.5) ϫ 10 Ϫ16 , fluorene, Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ19 ; and 9,10-dihydroanthracene, (9.0 Ϯ 2.0) ϫ 10 Ϫ19 . Using a relative rate method, the rate constants for the OH radical and NO 3 radical reactions, respectively, were (in cm 3 molecule Ϫ1 s Ϫ1 units): indan, (1.9 Ϯ 0.5) ϫ 10 Ϫ11 and (6.6 Ϯ 2.0) ϫ 10 Ϫ15 ; indene, (7.8 Ϯ 2.0) ϫ 10 Ϫ11 and (4.1 Ϯ 1.5) ϫ 10 Ϫ12 ; fluorene, (1.6 Ϯ 0.5) ϫ 10 Ϫ11 and (3.5 Ϯ 1.2) ϫ 10 Ϫ14 ; and 9,10-dihydroanthracene, (2.3 Ϯ 0.6) ϫ 10 Ϫ11 and (1.2 Ϯ 0.4) ϫ 10 Ϫ12 . These kinetic data were used to assess the relative contributions of the various reaction pathways.

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Products of the OH radical-initiated gas-phase reaction of fluorene in the presence of NOx

Cited by 41 publications

References 58 publications

Atmospheric Chemistry of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Formation of Atmospheric Mutagens

Atmospheric Chemistry of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Formation of Atmospheric Mutagens

Study on the size-segregated distribution of 37 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmospheric fine particles of Japan

Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of indan, indene, fluorene, and 9,10-dihydroanthracene with OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3

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