Professional versus paraprofessional approaches to orientation and subsequent counseling contacts.

Effects of Direct Experience and Vicarious Experience On Group Therapeutic Attraction

“…Indeed, in the one case in which vicarious experience did significantly affect subject attitude, it altered attitudes negatively. This finding is consistent with a study by Lamb and Clack (1974) in which vicarious orientation experience was found to result in comparatively low levels of future counseling center contact.…”

Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia.

“…Nonprofessional counselors will probably continue to play a major role in advising, tutoring, and other helping situations in academia (Durlak, 1979;Fremouw & Feindler, 1978;Fremouw & Harmatz, 1975;Gray & Tindall, 1978;Gruver, 1971;Lamb & Clark, 1974;Murry, 1972;Wolff, 1969). For this reason it is important to understand the attributions and action plans the types of students who become peer counselors choose…”

The use of paraprofessionals in the helping profession: A look at trends in North America

“…Vacc (1973) reports on the successful use of volunteer workers from a student body to assist peers with drug-related problems. Lamb and Clark (1974) report on a study utilizing college students in orientation procedures to acquaint incoming students with available counseling services. It is of interest to note that, in this study, a disproportionate number who made subsequent counseling contacts were in the orientation procedure conducted by a fellow student.…”