Profile and Content of Phenolic Compounds in Leaves, Flowers, Roots, and Stalks of Sanguisorba officinalis L. Determined with the LC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis and Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antiproliferative Potency

Abstract

The aim of this study was to accurately determine the profile of polyphenols using the highly sensitive LC–DAD–ESI–QTOF–MS/MS technique and to determine in vitro antioxidant activity, the ability of inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucoamylase, and pancreatic lipase activity, and antiproliferative activity in leaves, flowers, roots, and stalks of medical plant Sanguisorba officinalis L. The results of the analysis of the morphological parts indicated the presence of 130 polyphenols, including 62 that were detected in S. officinalis L. for the first time. The prevailing group was tannins, with contents ranging from 66.4% of total polyphenols in the flowers to 43.3% in the stalks. The highest content of polyphenols was identified in the flowers and reached 14,444.97 mg/100 g d.b., while the lowest was noted in the stalks and reached 4606.33 mg/100 g d.b. In turn, the highest values of the antiradical and reducing capacities were determined in the leaves and reached 6.63 and 0.30 mmol TE/g d.b, respectively. In turn, a high ability to inhibit activities of α-amylase and α-glucoamylase was noted in the flowers, while a high ability to inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase was demonstrated in the leaves of S. officinalis L. In addition, the leaves and the flowers showed the most effective antiproliferative properties in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, and T-cell leukemia cells, whereas the weakest activity was noted in the stalks. Thus, the best dietetic material to be used when composing functional foods were the leaves and the flowers of S. officinalis L., while the roots and the stalks were equally valuable plant materials.

LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis, Cytotoxic, Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Four Extracts of Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f.: A Good Gift from the Natural Treasure

“…The prevailing class of polyphenols found in Geranium samples were hydrolysable tannins esterified with hexahydroxydiphenoyl group (HHDP) and glucose. Most of these constituents comprised of galloyl and HHDP moiety, thus in their MS/MS spectra, the typical neutral elimination of galloyl (−152 Da), gallic acid (−170 Da), galloylglucose (−332 Da), HHDP (−302 Da) or HHDP-glucose residue (−482 Da) was observed [ 42 ]. Additionally, formation of a key fragment ion at m / z 301, resulted from lactonization of the HHDP ester group into more stable ellagic acid structure was predominant in these constituents [ 42 ].…”

“…Compounds eluted between 23.773 and 25.640 min were classified to the flavonols, in particular to quercetin (37,38,41,42,45) or kaempferol based (43,44,49) derivatives, identified on the basis of their abundant fragment ions appearing at m/z 301 for quercetin and at m/z 285 for kaempferol.…”

Health-Promoting Capacities of In Vitro and Cultivated Goji (Lycium chinense Mill.) Fruit and Leaves; Polyphenols, Antimicrobial Activity, Macro- and Microelements and Heavy Metals

“…The absorbance at 517 nm was determined by spectrophotometer UV-2401 PC. In goji leaves and fruit extracts, polyphenol identification in UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry detection) was executed using an ACQUITY Ultra Performance LC system appointed with a binary solvent manager, a photodiode array detector (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) and a G2 Q-TOF micro mass spectrometer (Waters, Manchester, UK) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in both negative and positive modes [ 52 ].…”

Der Große Wiesenknopf

“…Bis heute wurden mehr als 130 Inhaltsstoffe in Vertretern aus der Gattung Sanguisorba nachgewiesen. Zu den Hauptklassen gehören Triterpene, Phenole inklusive der Flavonoide und einige andere Verbindungen [12,13]. Zur Charakterisierung der Inhaltsstoffe des Großen Wiesenknopfes wurden insbesondere die Wurzel und das Kraut herangezogen.…”

“…6) erstmalig beschrieben, die eine wichtige Rolle als Attraktantien, in Form von Geruch und Blütenfarbe, für potenzielle Bestäuber spielen. Außerdem sind Cyanidin-3-glukosid, Cyanidin-3-O-rutinosid, Cyanidin-3-(6-O-acetyl)glukosid und Cyanidin-3,5-glukosid für das satte Rot der Blüten mitverantwortlich [13].…”