Profile and treatment outcomes among young patients with tuberculosis aged 15–24 years in Faridabad district of Haryana, India

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study examined profile and treatment outcomes of young patients with tuberculosis (TB) registered at a district TB centre under the National TB Elimination Programme in Faridabad district of Haryana state in India.MethodsIn this secondary data analysis, we studied the records of young TB patients aged 15–24 years registered under a TB programme during October 2013–December 2017 in Faridabad district of Haryana state.ResultsWe analysed records of 5257 young patients with TB. Majority (58.7%) were patients with pulmonary TB and most of them (83.6%) were registered as new patients. Majority of the young patients with TB (93.2%) had a successful treatment outcome, and patients having sputum result 2+ or less and patients who did not have a previous history of TB were found to be significantly associated with a successful treatment outcome on multivariable analysis.ConclusionThere was a high treatment success rate noted in young patients with TB. More focus is needed to patients having a history of TB and sputum result >2+. Targeted interventions can be designed for these groups in future programmatic strategies to reduce disease burden in this section of young population.

Tuberculosis epidemic in India – a systematic review

“…6), which may be attributed to men's more intense outdoor activities and women's greater likelihood of accessing health services. 1,3,4,20,38,41,46,54,55 In fact, many PTB patients used dangerous sputum disposal techniques, which are dominant in male and illiterate patients from lower socioeconomic groups. 1,22,31,[41][42][43][44]56 Fig.…”

“…11,57,58 In addition to gender differences in TB prevalence, mortality rates increased dramatically with age, being 17 times higher in children under 15 years and more than twice as common in adults 60 and older than in those between the ages of 15 and 59. 1,3,4,[10][11][12]20,28,38,41,43,46,59 Furthermore, the COVID-19 reaction-induced lockdown has resulted in poverty and economic hardship, worsening food shortages and making it more difficult to provide various TB services such as prevention, surveillance, and treatment to the vulnerable segment. 13,22,31,44,60 Children with TB had significant implications or problems during the COVID epidemic, such as requiring more mechanical breathing, being hospitalized for longer periods of time, and having poorer outcomes.…”

“…14,17 However, it was shown that HIV-positive status, a low BMI or undernutrition (<18.5 kg/m 2 ), a male individual, and a history of prior TB treatment were substantially connected to PTB or EPTB and DR-TB. 4,6,41,54,65,73 TB has become more difficult to treat as MDR-TB and XDR-TB forms have emerged, as has HIV coinfection. 2,58,76 The significant factors in the positive association of TB and HIV among sexually active age groups individuals is their poor knowledge of TB and its modes of transmission among.…”

“…15,16,28,48,49,63 Additionally, several studies found that more than two-thirds of TB cases are observed in the economically productive age range (14-59 years). 1,3,4,9,10,20,31,37,38,40,41,43,46,59,73,74 The international health community, which has established multiple 5-year targets for TB elimination, has proposed a method combining improved diagnostics, medications, and vaccinations to identify and treat both latent and active TB infections in order to meet the 2050 target. 15,48,49,51 The Joint Effort for Tuberculosis Elimination Program, with TB professionals, NGOs, and private practitioners all playing crucial roles in assisting patients seeking TB treatment, has also proven successful in providing quality TB services and facilities to patients.…”

“…M. tuberculosis bacteria divide TB into two types based on the organs infected: pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), which primarily affects the lungs, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), which primarily affects other organs such includes pleura, lymph nodes, intestines, genitourinary tract, skin, bones and joints, and brain in the body. [1][2][3][4] TB is a highly contagious and transmissible disease that spreads naturally from person to person through sneezing or coughing in the vicinity. [5][6][7] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10.6 million people worldwide will have TB (in 2021), including 6 million men, 3.4 million women, and 1.2 million children.…”