Profile of acute immune response in Chinese amphioxus upon Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

Huang, Gonghua; Liu, Hui; Han, Yan; Fan, Lifei; Zhang, Qinfen; Liu, Jianzhong; Yu, Xuesong; Zhang, Lichun; Chen, Shangwu; Dong, Meiling; Wang, Lei; Xu, Anlong

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2007.01.003

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Their levels were upregulated in the virulent experiment from day 6 to 12, plateaued on day 15 (when the tank temperature reached 32.5°C) and then returned to the control level by day 18 (Fig.6Ai,ii). This transcriptional induction is not surprising, as lectin-like genes have been found to be induced in a large set of studies on experimental infections of invertebrate species (O'Rourke et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2007;Gowda et al, 2008;Soonthornchai et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010). The day 18 decrease is more surprising, but many coral cells were undergoing necrosis at this stage (Fig.1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiological responses of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis to bacterial stress from Vibrio coralliilyticus

Vidal-Dupiol

Ladrière

Meistertzheim

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAs the effects of climate change have become increasingly visible over the past three decades, coral reefs have suffered from a number of natural and anthropogenic disturbances that have caused a critical decline in coral populations. Among these disturbances are coral diseases, which have appeared with increasing frequency and severity, often in correlation with increases in water temperature. Although the crucial role played by Vibrio species in coral disease has been widely documented, the scientific community does not yet fully understand the infection process of Vibrio or its impact on coral physiology and immunology. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses of a major reef-building coral, Pocillopora damicornis, when exposed to a specific pathogen (Vibrio coralliilyticus) under virulent (increasing water temperature) and nonvirulent (constant low temperature) conditions. The infection process was examined by electron microscopy and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and coral health was monitored by visual observations and measurements of zooxanthellar density. The results obtained suggest that coral tissue invasion occurs upon increasing water temperature only. Transcriptomic variations were investigated using a suppression-subtractive-hybridization approach, and the expression levels of six candidate immunerelated genes were examined during bacterial exposure. These genes correspond to three lectin-like molecules putatively involved in the recognition of pathogens, two metal-binding proteins putatively involved in antibacterial response and one cystein protease inhibitor. The transcription patterns of these selected genes provide new insights into the responses of coral colonies to virulent versus non-virulent bacteria. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiological responses of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis to bacterial stress from Vibrio coralliilyticus

Vidal-Dupiol

Ladrière

Meistertzheim

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The dermatopontin gene was upregulated 900-fold after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in an invertebrate model (72), and the protein was shown to promote keratinocyte migration (73), which is important for re-epithelialization during wound healing. Future studies will explore the involvement of these potentially interesting factors impacted by MyD88 deficiency (and others listed in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System in Epithelium Traversal Depends upon Conditions of Host Susceptibility

et al. 2015

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is invasive or cytotoxic to host cells, depending on the type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors encoded. While the T3SS is known to be involved in disease in vivo, how it participates remains to be clarified. Here, mouse models of superficial epithelial injury (tissue paper blotting with EGTA treatment) and immunocompromise (MyD88 deficiency) were used to study the contribution of the T3SS transcriptional activator ExsA to epithelial traversal. Corneas of excised eyeballs were inoculated with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing PAO1 or isogenic exsA mutants for 6 h ex vivo before bacterial traversal and epithelial thickness were quantified by using imaging. In the blotting-EGTA model, exsA mutants were defective in capacity for traversal. Accordingly, an ϳ16-fold variability in exsA expression among PAO1 isolates from three sources correlated with epithelial loss. In contrast, MyD88؊/؊ epithelia remained susceptible to P. aeruginosa traversal despite exsA mutation. Epithelial lysates from MyD88 ؊/؊ mice had reduced antimicrobial activity compared to those from wild-type mice with and without prior antigen challenge, particularly 30-to 100-kDa fractions, for which mass spectrometry revealed multiple differences, including (i) lower baseline levels of histones, tubulin, and lumican and (ii) reduced glutathione S-transferase, annexin, and dermatopontin, after antigen challenge. Thus, the importance of ExsA in epithelial traversal by invasive P. aeruginosa depends on the compromise enabling susceptibility, suggesting that strategies for preventing infection will need to extend beyond targeting the T3SS. The data also highlight the importance of mimicking conditions allowing susceptibility in animal models and the need to monitor variability among bacterial isolates from different sources, even for the same strain. P seudomonas aeruginosa remains a leading cause of respiratory infections, septicemia, and urinary tract and burn wound infections (1-4). It is also the most common cause of corneal infection associated with contact lens wear (5, 6). Our research has shown that clinical and laboratory isolates of P. aeruginosa can be divided into invasive or cytotoxic strains based upon how they interact with host cells (7). Invasive strains can survive and replicate inside epithelial cells dependent on the type III secretion system (T3SS) effector ExoS (8-10), while cytotoxic strains instead encode ExoU, which can induce rapid death of intoxicated host cells (11,12). While details of how invasive and cytotoxic strains impact host cells vary, both types can cause human disease, and they can each be virulent in animal models of infection (13-15).Several in vivo models exist for studying P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. They include Caenorhabditis elegans (16-18) and Drosophila melanogaster (19), in addition to mouse models of pneumonia with sepsis (20-22), burn wound infection with sepsis (23-25), and gastrointestinal colonization and sepsis (26,27) and corneal scarification models (28)(29)(30)...

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“…Initially, we obtained the gene-expression profile after bacterial challenge by sequencing differentially expressed genes using the suppression subtractive hybridization method (46) and then by sequencing the cDNA library of amphioxus in response to early antibacterial infection via 454 Sequencing (38). Through these approaches, extensive immune-related genes were identified in amphioxus, but no miRNAs were found to be involved in regulation of the immune system.…”

Section: Difference In Mirna Response Between Amphioxus and Vertebratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphioxus can provide useful insights into the evolution of the immune system based on a series of our previous studies (25,38,46). Initially, we obtained the gene-expression profile after bacterial challenge by sequencing differentially expressed genes using the suppression subtractive hybridization method (46) and then by sequencing the cDNA library of amphioxus in response to early antibacterial infection via 454 Sequencing (38).…”

Section: Difference In Mirna Response Between Amphioxus and Vertebratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are representatives of Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G2) bacteria, respectively. Four amphioxus acute-phase response genes, including Complement component C3 (AB050668), Dermatopontin (EB677005), Peptidoglycan recognition protein S1 precursor (EB676974), and Rhamnose-binding lectin precursor (AY616196), were selected to detect the immune activation based on our pre- vious study (38,46). Under both S. aureus and V. anguillarum challenge, the expression of the four amphioxus genes rose quickly and achieved a steady-state level at ∼24 h (Fig.…”

Section: Acute-phase Mirna Response In Amphioxus Upon Bacterial Challmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Analyses of Amphioxus MicroRNAs Reveal an Immune Regulation via miR-92d Targeting C3

Yang

Zheng

Cai

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

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Recently, amphioxus has served as a model for studying the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity. However, little is known about how microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the immune defense in amphioxus. In this article, we present a systematic study of amphioxus miRNAs in the acute-phase response to bacterial infection; miR-92d was found to regulate the complement pathway in this basal chordate. We identified all 155 possible miRNAs present in the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri genome by bioinformatics analyses, including 57 newly identified miRNAs (called bbe-miRNAs), and characterized the miRNA expression pattern. Four miRNAs (bbe-miR-7, bbe-miR-4868a, bbe-miR-2065, and bbe-miR-34b) were upregulated and bbe-miR-92d was downregulated under the challenge of both Vibrio anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. We further predicted miRNA targets and identified mRNA targets of immune-related miRNA using the hybrid PCR method. We propose that miR-92d regulates the complement pathway through targeting C3 for controlling the acute immune response to bacterial infections. This study provides evidence for the complex immune regulation of miRNAs in the acute-phase response in basal chordates.

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Profile of acute immune response in Chinese amphioxus upon Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Physiological responses of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis to bacterial stress from Vibrio coralliilyticus

Physiological responses of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis to bacterial stress from Vibrio coralliilyticus

The Importance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System in Epithelium Traversal Depends upon Conditions of Host Susceptibility

Genome-Wide Analyses of Amphioxus MicroRNAs Reveal an Immune Regulation via miR-92d Targeting C3

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